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J Cardio > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

chest pain relieved on sitting forward

saddle shaped ST elevation, PR depression on ECG

A

pericarditis

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2
Q

first line treatment for hypertension confirmed by ABPM

A

lifestyle modification - diet, stop smoking, exercise

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3
Q

treatment pathway for hypertension confirmed by ABPM after lifestyle modification

A
  1. ACEi/ARB or CCB
  2. ACEi/ARB and CCB
  3. ACEi/ARB and CCB and diuretic
  4. ACEi/ARB and CCB and diuretic and something else
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4
Q

who get ACei/ARB first line in hypertension

who get CCB first line in hypertension

A

ACEi/ARB - if white <55 years old

CCB - if afrocarribean or >55 years old

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5
Q

indication for ARB

A

ACEi gives a cough

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6
Q

ACEi used in hypertension

A

Lisinopril (-pril)

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7
Q

ARB used in hypertension

A

losartan (-sartan)

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8
Q

CCB used in hypertension

A

verapamil, amlodipine

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9
Q

diuretic used in hypertension

A

any - furosemide, bendroflumethiazide

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10
Q

which type of angina is not relieved by GTN alone

A

unstable angina

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11
Q

treatment of unstable angina (5)

A

MONA + T (used to be C)

morphine 
oxygen 
nitroglycerin (GTN spray) 
aspirin 300mg
ticagrelor (used to be clopidogrel) 300mg (or 600mg if giving PCI)
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12
Q

treatment of NSTEMI (5+3)

A

MONA + T(used to be C)

morphine 
oxygen
nitroglycerin (GTN spray) 
aspirin 300mg 
ticagrelor (used to be clopidogrel) 300mg (or 600mg if giving PCI)

thrombolysis
PCI
CABG

(exact same as STEMI lol, though PCI and CABG less likely)

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13
Q

treatment of STEMI (5+)

A

MONA + T (used to be C)

morphine
oxygen 
nitroglyceride (GTN spray) 
aspirin 300mg 
ticagrelor (used to be clopidogrel) 300mg (or 600mg if giving PCI)

PCI
thrombolysis
CABG

(exact same as NSTEMI lol)

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14
Q

LBBB

A

lead III = W
lead aVL = M

WiLLiaM

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15
Q

RBBB

A

lead III = M
lead V3 = W

MaRRoW

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16
Q

how close must you be to a hospital to do a PCI in someone with a STEMI

A

40 mins

needs to be done within 90 mins form onset

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17
Q

when would you thrombolyse someone with a NSTEMI/STEMI

A

if PCI unavailable (>40 mins from hospital)

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18
Q

post MI (4 weeks later)
pain relieved by sitting forward
saddle shaped ST elevation in all leads
no fever

A

dresslers (pericarditis)

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19
Q

in what rhythms can you shock someone with a defib

A

VF or pulseless VT

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20
Q

in what rhythms must you not shock someone with a defib

what do you do instead

A

asystole or pulseless electrical activity

give them amiodarone and adrenaline

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21
Q

reversible causes of cardiac arrest (8)

A 
4Hs and 4Ts 
hypovolaemia 
hypoxia 
hypothermia 
hypo/hyperkalaemia 
thrombosis 
toxins 
cardiac Tamponade 
tension pneumothorax
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22
Q

gold standard investigation for heart failure

A

transthoracic ECHO

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23
Q

which sided heart failure causes pulmonary oedema

A

left sided

think about it

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24
Q

which sided heart failure causes peripheral oedema

A

right sided

think about it

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25
which group of people (gender and age) are most likely to get a AAA
men >65
26
``` pulsatile expansible abdo mass sudden onset epigastric pain that radiates to the back collapse male 65 likely to die on the way to hospital ```
rupture AAA
27
prevention of ruptured AAA
screening in men >65!!
28
treatment of ruptured AAA
emergency surgery to insert stent
29
which type of heart murmur sounds like a 'swoosh' (stenosis or regurg) = high pitch
regurgitation
30
which type of heart murmur (stenosis or regurg) happens in the MIDDLE or systole/diastole
stenosis mitral stenosis = mid diastolic aortic stenosis = mid systolic
31
which type of heart murmur sounds like a low pitched 'grunt' (stenosis or regurg)
stenosis
32
ejection systolic (midsystolic) murmur radiates to carotids low pitched grunt = hear with bell slow rising pulse
aortic stenosis
33
``` mid diastolic murmur low pitched grunt = hear with bell at apex associated with AF best heard when patient rolled onto left side rheumatic fever ```
mitral stenosis
34
swoosh sound = high pitched = hear with diaphragm early diastolic heard at left sternal edge (best heard when sitting up) collapsing pulse displaced apex
aortic regurgitation
35
swoosh sound = high pitched = hear with bell pan systolic displaced apex heard in mid axillary line
mitral regurg
36
treatment of sinus tachycardia >100 bpm
beta blocker (B1 usually causes increased heart rate so want to block it) eg atenolol (cardioselective = good)
37
treatment of sinus bradycardia <60 bpm
atropine (M2 antagonist - M2 usually causes decreased heart rate so want to block it)
38
treatment of pulseless VT (ventricular tachycardia)
shock (defib, DC cardiovert)
39
treatment of VF (ventricular fibrillation)
shock (defib)
40
irregularly irregular pulse 300 bpm heart rate no P waves
atrial fibrillation
41
what are the 3 types of atrial fibrillation
paroxysmal - sorts itself <48 hours persistent - fixed with drugs permanent - not fixed with drugs
42
treatment of AF (4)
ACBD anticoag (warfarin) and ablation beta blockers (rate control) - GIVE FIRST cardiovert (drugs first (AF = amiodarone or flecamide) then electrical) digoxin (rhythm control)
43
what score do you need to figure out before you give someone anticoags eg warfarin
CHA2DS2-VASc score
44
treatment of atrial flutter
ablation
45
torsades des pointes on ECG | congenital problem
long QT syndrome
46
ventricular arrhythmias typically cause rate/rhythm problems? hence what are they treated with (class of anti arrhythmia drug)
rate class II or IV
47
atrial arrhythmias typically cause rate/rhythm problems? hence what are they treated with (class of anti arrhythmia drug)
rhythm class I or III
48
class I anti arrhythmia drug examples (2)
lignocaine, flecainide
49
class II anti arrhythmic drug example
metoprolol (beta blocker)
50
class III anti arrhythmic drug example
amiodarone
51
class IV anti arrhythmic drug example
verapamil
52
ventricular tachycardia treatment
beta blocker eg propranolol, atenolol
53
which side of the heart do you usually get endocarditis in
left (mitral/aortic valves)
54
who typically get right sided valve endocarditis
IV drug users
55
janeway lesions osler nodes splinter haemorrhages roth spots in eyes
infective endocarditis
56
diagnostic investigation for infective endocarditis
transoesophageal echo (also do a transthoracic one)
57
infective endocarditis who get strep viridans
post dental surgery bc strep viridans is in the mouth
58
infective endocarditis which micro bacterial is green on agar
strep viridans
59
infective endocarditis treatment of strep viridans (be green on agar)
benzypenicillin IV and gentamicin IV | bc Be Green on agar
60
infective endocarditis who get staph aureus where does it occur
IV drug users right sided
61
infective endocarditis treatment of IV drug user with staph aureus infection
flucloxacillin IV
62
infective endocarditis who get staph epidermis
prosthetic valves, IV lines something entering the body form outside bc staph epidermis is on the skin
63
infective endocarditis who get enterococcus
GI problems
64
treatment of enterococcus infective endocarditis
amoxicillin Iv an gentamicin IV | bc All Germs ENTER the body
65
native valve endocarditis treatment
amoxicillin IV and gentamicin IV | bc Always Got your native valves
66
prosthetic valve endocarditis treatment
vancomycin IV, gentamicin IV and rifampicin IV | bc prosthetic valves give you Very Good Rhythm
67
treatment of infective endocarditis if antibiotics ineffective
surgery - valve replacement

J Cardio (4 decks)

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