Flashcards in Conditions summary Deck (69):
1
non blanching rash
bacterial meningitis
2
sunken fontanelle (in skull)
dehydration
3
definition of prolonged jaundice
>14 days (or >21 days if preterm)
4
holoprosencephaly definition
failure of brain vesicles to form
5
school age kid
inattentive
hyperactive
impulsive behaviour
ADHD
6
ADHD treatment (3)
CBT
methylphenidate
atomoxetine
7
genetic problem
developmental delay, learning difficulties
large tongue
sandal gap between toes
low set ears
brushfield spots (white) on eyes
downs syndrome (trisomy 21)
8
patau syndrome chromosome
chromosome 13
9
Edwards syndrome chromosome
chromosome 18
10
regression in development (child looses previously attained developmental milestones)
hunters syndrome
11
what are the 3 domains that an autistic child struggles with
communication - eg lack of eye contact
social interaction - difficulty with turn taking, poor relationships
imagination - like ritualistic behaviours
12
kid with poor eye contact
likes ritualistic behaviours
fussy eater
poor personal hygiene
spinning to noise of washing machine
tiptoe walking
autism spectrum disorder
13
how is asbergers different to autism
form of autism where the only problem is social communication
14
premature baby
resp problem
CXR - ground glass appearance
respiratory distress syndrome
15
which virus causes bronchiolitis
RSV
16
<1 year old
poor feeding
wheeze
runny nose
bronchiolitis
17
difficulty swallowing
stridor
fever
unvaccinated
head XR - thumbprint sign
epiglottitis
18
which bacteria causes epiglottitis
haem influenza B (bc its in kids)
19
epiglottitis treatment
ceftriaxone IV (Ceftriaxone bc its in Children)
20
what differentiates pneumonia from normal infections in kids
high fever
21
cold like symptoms
barking cough followed by inspiratory 'whoop'
vomiting
whooping cough (pertussis)
22
which virus causes croup
parainfluenzae virus
23
baking/harsh cough
sounds like seal
sudden onset (overnight)
stridor
CXR - 'steeple' sign
croup
24
which type of vasculitis presents in kids
IgA (henoch schnlein purpura)
25
kid with URTI then a rash on legs 1-3 weeks later
IgA henoch schnlein purpura vasculitis
26
webbed neck
wide spaced nipples
horse shoe kidney
genetic condition
turners syndrome XO
27
massive parotid swelling caused by viral
mumps
28
maculopapular rash over body
fever
cough
small white lesions in oral mucosa
measles
29
painful lesions around mouth with gold crust
impetigo from staph aureus (treated with flucloxacillin)
30
post natal (hence mums need to be vaccinated) viral infection
generalised maculopapular rash
swelling
fever
rubella
31
between which times is jaundice in a new born normal
24 hours - 2 weeks
32
jaundice <24 hours after birth
haemolysis (eg haemolytic disease of newborn, sepsis)
33
what is haemolytic disease of the newborn
when mothers Rh/Ig (?? something like this) is different to kids
do coombes test
34
2-6 weeks old
feeding well bc hungry
projectile vomiting foodstuffs
weight loss
abdo mass
pyloric stenosis
(vomiting foodstuffs = obstruction at stomach = PYLORIC stenosis)
35
6 months old
vomiting
no stools
pulls legs up after feeding
'red currant' stained nappy(PR blood)
intussusception
36
6 years old
pain in umbilicus (dull and achy) then RIF (sharp pain)
nausea
vomiting
appendicitis
37
6 years old
generalised abdo pain
painful going over bumps in car
peritonitis (maybs from appendicitis?)
38
investigation and treatment for pyloric stenosis
ultrasound for thickness of muscle
pyloromyotomy (surgery to cut the muscle = stretch it)
39
what is the folding in/telescoping of the ileocaecal valve in the bowel bc of over active lymphoid tissue called
intussusception
40
intussusception investigation and treatment
ultrasound
treatment - pump air into anal passage OR surgery to unravel folds
41
vomiting green bile
malrotation of the gut
(vomiting bile bc the problem is below the bile duct)
42
treatment of malrotation of the gut
EMERGENCY surgery
43
treatment of constipation in kids
laxatives
go to toilet after meals
high fibre diet, lots of water
44
dysuria (pain when peeing)
fever
vomiting
irritable
UTI
45
neonate
acute onset scrotum pain
red
bruising
systemically unwell (nausea, vomiting) - always look under nappy!
testicular torsion
46
testicular torsion treatment
emergency surgery
47
less severe version of testicular torsion
blue dot on inspection
testicular appendix torsion (aka mullerian duct remnants)
48
what presents similar to testicular torsion (dysuria, red, hot, swollen, painful) but you can only tell the difference during surgery
epididymitis
49
treatment of epididymitis
antibiotics (ofloxacin)
50
if you cant see boy testes at birth what do you do
feel along inguinal canal for them
if you cant find them = surgery, need to find them incase they become malignant!!
51
red, swollen, itchy testicles/groin
water filled
idiopathic scrotal oedema
52
what is paraphimosis
swollen foreskin
53
what is hydrospadias
aetiology
treatment
congenital disorder
urinary opening not where it normally is
get surgery
54
seizure/loss of consciousness after crying
breath holding attack
55
collapse when kid is playing sport
arrhythmia/cardiac issue
56
1-5 y/o
<5 minute seizure, fine before and after
fever
febrile convulsion
57
treatment of febrile convulsion
treat fever
58
cause of febrile convulsion
something that has caused a fever (eg infection)
59
what is wrong with someone with epilepsy
lower thresholds for seizures than other people
60
does epilepsy occur with or without a fever
either
61
what is commonly mistaken for epilepsy
gratification disorder
62
what is gratification disorder
masturbation in child 3 months - 3 years
63
treatment of gratification disorder
nothing, reassure parents its normal
64
which age groups does meningitis occur in
<5
15-24
65
what is meningitis
infection of the meninges (brain lining)
66
what is encephalitis
meningitis + brain involvement
67
antibiotic for meningitis
ceftriaxone
68
abnormal cry (weak, high pitched, continuous)
think sepsis
69