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J Child Health > Conditions summary > Flashcards

Conditions summary Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

non blanching rash

A

bacterial meningitis

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2
Q

sunken fontanelle (in skull)

A

dehydration

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3
Q

definition of prolonged jaundice

A

> 14 days (or >21 days if preterm)

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4
Q

holoprosencephaly definition

A

failure of brain vesicles to form

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5
Q

school age kid
inattentive
hyperactive
impulsive behaviour

A

ADHD

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6
Q

ADHD treatment (3)

A

CBT
methylphenidate
atomoxetine

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7
Q 
genetic problem 
developmental delay, learning difficulties 
large tongue 
sandal gap between toes 
low set ears 
brushfield spots (white) on eyes
A

downs syndrome (trisomy 21)

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8
Q

patau syndrome chromosome

A

chromosome 13

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9
Q

Edwards syndrome chromosome

A

chromosome 18

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10
Q

regression in development (child looses previously attained developmental milestones)

A

hunters syndrome

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11
Q

what are the 3 domains that an autistic child struggles with

A

communication - eg lack of eye contact
social interaction - difficulty with turn taking, poor relationships
imagination - like ritualistic behaviours

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12
Q 
kid with poor eye contact 
likes ritualistic behaviours
fussy eater 
poor personal hygiene 
spinning to noise of washing machine 
tiptoe walking
A

autism spectrum disorder

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13
Q

how is asbergers different to autism

A

form of autism where the only problem is social communication

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14
Q

premature baby
resp problem
CXR - ground glass appearance

A

respiratory distress syndrome

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15
Q

which virus causes bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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16
Q

<1 year old
poor feeding
wheeze
runny nose

A

bronchiolitis

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17
Q 
difficulty swallowing 
stridor
fever 
unvaccinated 
head XR - thumbprint sign
A

epiglottitis

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18
Q

which bacteria causes epiglottitis

A

haem influenza B (bc its in kids)

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19
Q

epiglottitis treatment

A

ceftriaxone IV (Ceftriaxone bc its in Children)

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20
Q

what differentiates pneumonia from normal infections in kids

A

high fever

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21
Q

cold like symptoms
barking cough followed by inspiratory ‘whoop’
vomiting

A

whooping cough (pertussis)

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22
Q

which virus causes croup

A

parainfluenzae virus

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23
Q 
baking/harsh cough 
sounds like  seal 
sudden onset (overnight) 
stridor 
CXR - 'steeple' sign
A

croup

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24
Q

which type of vasculitis presents in kids

A

IgA (henoch schnlein purpura)

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25
kid with URTI then a rash on legs 1-3 weeks later
IgA henoch schnlein purpura vasculitis
26
webbed neck wide spaced nipples horse shoe kidney genetic condition
turners syndrome XO
27
massive parotid swelling caused by viral
mumps
28
maculopapular rash over body fever cough small white lesions in oral mucosa
measles
29
painful lesions around mouth with gold crust
impetigo from staph aureus (treated with flucloxacillin)
30
post natal (hence mums need to be vaccinated) viral infection generalised maculopapular rash swelling fever
rubella
31
between which times is jaundice in a new born normal
24 hours - 2 weeks
32
jaundice <24 hours after birth
haemolysis (eg haemolytic disease of newborn, sepsis)
33
what is haemolytic disease of the newborn
when mothers Rh/Ig (?? something like this) is different to kids do coombes test
34
``` 2-6 weeks old feeding well bc hungry projectile vomiting foodstuffs weight loss abdo mass ```
pyloric stenosis | vomiting foodstuffs = obstruction at stomach = PYLORIC stenosis
35
``` 6 months old vomiting no stools pulls legs up after feeding 'red currant' stained nappy(PR blood) ```
intussusception
36
6 years old pain in umbilicus (dull and achy) then RIF (sharp pain) nausea vomiting
appendicitis
37
6 years old generalised abdo pain painful going over bumps in car
peritonitis (maybs from appendicitis?)
38
investigation and treatment for pyloric stenosis
ultrasound for thickness of muscle | pyloromyotomy (surgery to cut the muscle = stretch it)
39
what is the folding in/telescoping of the ileocaecal valve in the bowel bc of over active lymphoid tissue called
intussusception
40
intussusception investigation and treatment
ultrasound treatment - pump air into anal passage OR surgery to unravel folds
41
vomiting green bile
malrotation of the gut | vomiting bile bc the problem is below the bile duct
42
treatment of malrotation of the gut
EMERGENCY surgery
43
treatment of constipation in kids
laxatives go to toilet after meals high fibre diet, lots of water
44
dysuria (pain when peeing) fever vomiting irritable
UTI
45
``` neonate acute onset scrotum pain red bruising systemically unwell (nausea, vomiting) - always look under nappy! ```
testicular torsion
46
testicular torsion treatment
emergency surgery
47
less severe version of testicular torsion | blue dot on inspection
testicular appendix torsion (aka mullerian duct remnants)
48
what presents similar to testicular torsion (dysuria, red, hot, swollen, painful) but you can only tell the difference during surgery
epididymitis
49
treatment of epididymitis
antibiotics (ofloxacin)
50
if you cant see boy testes at birth what do you do
feel along inguinal canal for them if you cant find them = surgery, need to find them incase they become malignant!!
51
red, swollen, itchy testicles/groin | water filled
idiopathic scrotal oedema
52
what is paraphimosis
swollen foreskin
53
what is hydrospadias aetiology treatment
congenital disorder urinary opening not where it normally is get surgery
54
seizure/loss of consciousness after crying
breath holding attack
55
collapse when kid is playing sport
arrhythmia/cardiac issue
56
1-5 y/o <5 minute seizure, fine before and after fever
febrile convulsion
57
treatment of febrile convulsion
treat fever
58
cause of febrile convulsion
something that has caused a fever (eg infection)
59
what is wrong with someone with epilepsy
lower thresholds for seizures than other people
60
does epilepsy occur with or without a fever
either
61
what is commonly mistaken for epilepsy
gratification disorder
62
what is gratification disorder
masturbation in child 3 months - 3 years
63
treatment of gratification disorder
nothing, reassure parents its normal
64
which age groups does meningitis occur in
<5 | 15-24
65
what is meningitis
infection of the meninges (brain lining)
66
what is encephalitis
meningitis + brain involvement
67
antibiotic for meningitis
ceftriaxone
68
abnormal cry (weak, high pitched, continuous)
think sepsis
69
treatment of sepsis in kids
same as sepsis in adults (sepsis 6 BUFALO)

J Child Health (4 decks)

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