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Anatomy > Connect Ch. 20 > Flashcards

Connect Ch. 20 Flashcards

1
Q

The coronary blood vessels are part of the __________ circuit of the circulatory system.

cardiac
pulmonary
systematic
systemic
cardiovascular

A

systemic

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2
Q

The circulatory route from the aorta to the venae cavae is the __________ circuit.

A

systemic

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3
Q

The left and right regions of the heart pump at the same time. The right side of the heart pumps to the __________ and the left side of the heart pumps to the __________.

lungs; body
body; lungs
heart; lungs
body; heart

A

lungs; body

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4
Q

The outermost layer of the heart wall is known as the __________.

pericardial sac

epicardium

parietal layer of the serous pericardium

myocardium

endocardium

A

epicardium

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5
Q

The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery travels in a groove called the __________ sulcus.

A

coronary

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6
Q

The ear-like extension that covers the left atrium is called the left __________.

auricle
ventricle
pulmonary vein
semilunar valve

A

auricle

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7
Q

To get from the right atrium to the right ventricle, blood flows through the right AV valve, which is also known as the __________ valve.

pulmonary
tricuspid
bicuspid
aortic
mitral

A

tricuspid

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8
Q

The __________ prevent the AV valves from bulging into the atria during ventricular systole.

tendinous cords
pectinate muscles
trabeculae carneae
AV nodes
cusps

A

tendinous cords

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9
Q

A myocardial infarction of the right ventricle could be caused by a blockage in the __________.

left marginal branch

posterior interventricular artery

left coronary artery

circumflex branch

A

posterior interventricular artery

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10
Q

The myocardium receives oxygen and nutrients from __________.

the coronary circulation
the blood in the chambers
the pulmonary circulation

A

the coronary circulation

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11
Q

Collateral circulation of blood to the heart is established due to the presence of __________, which provide an alternate route for blood flow.

anastamoses
infarctions
thrombi
aneurysms

A

anastamoses

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12
Q

The __________ nerves innervate the heart and tend to reduce the heart rate.

A

vagus

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13
Q

Cardiac nerves carry signals from the __________ system to the heart.

sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

Ventricular systole begins during the recording of the __________ of the ECG.

QRS complex
P wave
T wave
repolarization

A

QRS complex

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15
Q

The fetal structure of the ductus arteriosus becomes constricted and forms the __________ two to four days after birth.

foramen arteriosum
ductus ligamentum
aortic shunt
ligamentum arteriosum

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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16
Q

Beginning 10 to 15 hours after birth, the ductus arteriosus begins to close and becomes the __________.

ligamentum arteriosum
fossa ovalis
truncus arteriosus
bulbus cordis

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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17
Q

As the heart ages, which chamber is most likely to experience hypertrophy?

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

A

Left ventricle

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18
Q

The AV valves close in response to the ________________________.

contraction of the atria and the resulting drop in atrial pressure

contraction of the ventricles and the resulting drop in ventricular pressure

contraction of the ventricles and the resulting rise in ventricular pressure

contraction of the atria and the resulting rise in atrial pressure

A

contraction of the ventricles and the resulting rise in ventricular pressure

19
Q

Action potentials received directly from ________________ stimulate the papillary muscles to contract, allowing for the proper _______________ of the AV valves.

AV node; closing

subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers); closing

AV node; opening

subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers); opening

A

subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers); closing

20
Q

Mitral valve prolapse severe enough to cause regurgitation may directly cause _________________ pressure in the ____________ atrium.

increased; right
increased; left
decreased; left
decreased; right

A

increased; left

21
Q

A first degree block is caused by ________________.

delay of the action potential between the SA and AV nodes

delay of the action potential between the SA node and subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)

delay of the action potential between the AV node and the subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)

delay of the action potential between the AV and SA nodes

A

delay of the action potential between the SA and AV nodes

22
Q

The rate of ventricular conduction is best determined by the _______________________ on an ECG.

the number of P waves present within a specific unit of time

the number of T waves present within a specific unit of time

the number of QRS complexes present within a specific unit of time

A

the number of QRS complexes present within a specific unit of time

23
Q

An ECG tracing from someone with a third-degree AV block is best described as a tracing with a ______________________.

2:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes
1:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes
1:2 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes
1:1 ratio of T waves to QRS complexes

A

2:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes

24
Q

Which chamber makes up the apex of the heart?

The left atrium
The left ventricle
The right auricle
The right atrium
The right ventricle

A

The left ventricle

25
Q

A drop of blood returning from the big toe would enter the heart through what vessel?

Azygous vein
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava

A

Inferior vena cava

26
Q

Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?

Aorta and pulmonary veins
Aorta and venae cavae
Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

27
Q

The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the _________ and the _________.

left atrium; left ventricle
left ventricle; right ventricle
right atrium; right ventricle
right atrium; left ventricle
right atrium; left atrium

A

right atrium; right ventricle

28
Q

Through which of the following does blood return to the heart from the lungs?

Superior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Coronary sinus
Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava

A

Pulmonary veins

29
Q

Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to which chamber of the heart?

Left atrium

Coronary sinus

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Right atrium

A

Left atrium

30
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open.

aortic; pulmonary
right AV; aortic
right AV; pulmonary
mitral; pulmonary
mitral; aortic

A

mitral; aortic

31
Q

The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the __________.

interventricular sulcus
left atrium
coronary sinus
interventricular septum
coronary sulcus

A

interventricular sulcus

32
Q

The __________ performs the work of the heart.

pericardial cavity
fibrous skeleton
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

A

myocardium

33
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A total heart block

A mitral valve prolapse

The sudden death of cardiac tissue

A bundle branch block

An enlarged left ventricle

A

The sudden death of cardiac tissue

34
Q

Which vessel collects poorly-oxygenated blood that has passed through and supplied the heart tissue and empties into the right atrium?

The superior vena cava
The coronary sinus
The posterior interventricular vein
The left marginal vein
The great cardiac vein

A

The coronary sinus

35
Q

What do the coronary arteries arise from?

The coronary sulcus

The venae cavae

The interventricular arteries

The myocardium

The proximal end of the aorta

A

The proximal end of the aorta

36
Q

How fast would the heart beat if the AV node were diseased, as occurs in total heart block?

More than 90 beats per minute

40 to 60 beats per minute

The heart rate would be very erratic, and rates would fluctuate widely.

An average of 75 beats per minute

20 to 40 beats per minute

A

20 to 40 beats per minute

37
Q

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has which of the following?

Fewer junctions between cells

A more extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum

Longer fibers

More mitochondria

Numerous nuclei per cell

A

More mitochondria

38
Q

How is injured cardiac muscle repaired?

Regeneration
Mitosis
Hyperplasia
Fibrosis
Metaplasia

A

Fibrosis

39
Q

What is happening in the heart between the QRS and T waves?

Ventricular diastole
Ventricular systole
Atrial repolarization
Atrial systole
Ventricular repolarization

A

Ventricular systole

40
Q

Which of the following is not true of cardiomyocytes?

They have T tubules that admit extracellular calcium.

They are joined by intercalated discs.

Mitochondria make up about 2% of the cell volume.

They are striated.

They usually have one nucleus.

A

Mitochondria make up about 2% of the cell volume.

41
Q

What is happening in the heart when a P wave is recorded on an ECG?

Ventricular systole is occurring.
The atria are depolarizing.
The ventricles are repolarizing.
The ventricles are contracting.
The ventricles are depolarizing.

A

The atria are depolarizing.

42
Q

Which structure in the fetus enables blood to bypass the lungs and pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

Bulbus cordis
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Sinus venosus
Truncus arteriosus

A

Foramen ovale

43
Q

Soon after birth, what happens to the foramen ovale?

It forms the ligamentum arteriosum.

It closes to form the fossa ovalis.

It forms the ductus ateriosus.

It only allows blood to flow between the left and right ventricles.

A

It closes to form the fossa ovalis.

Anatomy (37 decks)

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