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Anatomy > Etsey Exam #3 > Flashcards

Etsey Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

It absorbs dietary lipids.
It returns excess fluid from tissues to the blood.
It transports nutrients to tissues.
It provides immunity.
It returns proteins to the blood.

A

It transports nutrients to tissues.

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2
Q

Which stomach cell secretes pepsinogen?

Goblet cell
Chief cell
Mucous cell
Parietal cell
Enteroendocrine cell

A

Chief cell

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3
Q

Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?

They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.
They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.
They secrete their products by way of ducts.
They release their secretions into the blood.

A

They release their secretions into the blood.

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4
Q

What is the correct order of the branches off the aortic arch from right to left?

Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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5
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature red blood cells?

They have numerous mitochondria.
They are able to undergo mitosis.
They carry most of the carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood.
They lack a nucleus.
They play an important role in immune defense.

A

They lack a nucleus

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6
Q

Which hormone leads to increased osteoclast activity and elevates the blood calcium concentration?

ACTH
Calcitriol
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Calcitonin

A

Parathyroid hormone

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Heat transfer

Nutrient transport

Hormone production

Clotting

pH buffering

A

Hormone production

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8
Q

What is the correct order of structures through which air flows into the respiratory tract?

Pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles
Pharynx; trachea; larynx; bronchi; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; bronchi; trachea; bronchioles
Larynx; pharynx; trachea; bronchioles; bronchi

A

Pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles

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9
Q

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish __________ from foreign ones.

self-complement proteins
self-interleukins
self-antibodies
self-immunoglobulins
self-antigens

A

self-antigens

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10
Q

Which type of cell repairs damaged alveolar epithelium?

Alveolar macrophages
Great (type II) alveolar cells
T lymphocytes
Goblet cells
Squamous (type I) alveolar cells

A

Great (type II) alveolar cells

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11
Q

Which structure in the fetus enables blood to bypass the lungs and pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

Bulbus cordis

Truncus arteriosus

Foramen ovale

Sinus venosus

Ductus arteriosus

A

Foramen ovale

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12
Q

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

Yolk sac

Spleen

Bone marrow

Thymus

Lymph nodes

A

Thymus

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13
Q

Which of the following is associated with veins but not arteries?

A tunica media with abundant elastic fibers

Valves

A tunica media with abundant smooth muscle

Fenestrations

Continuous endothelium

A

Valves

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14
Q

Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct?

Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart
Heart → distributing artery → conducting artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → large vein → medium vein → heart
Heart → venule → medium vein → large vein → capillary → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → heart
Heart → large vein → medium vein → venule→ capillary → arteriole → distributing artery → conducting artery → heart

A

Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

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15
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion

aldosterone hypersecretion

cortisol hypersecretion

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

epinephrine hypersecretion

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

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16
Q

What is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?

Atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinuatrial (SA) node → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → cardiomyocyte in LV

Atrioventricular (AV) node → sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

A

Sinuatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → subendocardial conducting network → cardiomyocyte in LV

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17
Q

What are the more than one million functional units found in each kidney called?

Minor calyces

Collecting ducts

Nephrons

Major calyces

Renal pyramids

A

Nephrons

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

They release waste into the bloodstream.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
They help control blood pressure.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.

A

They release waste into the bloodstream.

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19
Q

A glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one __________.

renal corpuscle

kidney lobe

kidney lobule

renal capsule

nephron

A

renal corpuscle

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20
Q

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete __________.

insulin, which lowers blood glucose

insulin, which raises blood glucose

glucocorticoids, which raise blood glucose

glucagon, which raises blood glucose

glucagon, which lowers blood glucose

A

glucagon, which raises blood glucose

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21
Q

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.

A

The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.

22
Q

The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart’s chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.

apex; base
endocardium; epicardium
atrium; ventricle
base; apex
ventricle; atrium

A

base; apex

23
Q

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

GHIH
APRH
TRH
CRH
GHRH

A

CRH

24
Q

Which of the following is/are part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Pharynx

Alveoli

Lungs

Bronchi

A

Alveoli

25
Q

In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________.
T wave
R wave
S wave
QRS wave
P wave

A

T wave

26
Q

Which of these is not part of a single individual nephron?

Distal convoluted tubule
Glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Nephron loop

A

Collecting duct

27
Q

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Salivary gland
Testis

A

Salivary gland

28
Q

The __________ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

thymus
appendix
spleen
pharyngeal tonsils
lymph nodes

A

thymus

29
Q

A patient is suffering from pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema. A failure of which heart chamber is most likely?

Left atrium

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

A

Left ventricle

30
Q

Which of the following best describes juxtaglomerular cells?

They occupy the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles.

They are target cells for aldosterone.

They are modified smooth muscle cells found in the afferent arteriole.

They respond to parasympathetic stimulation.

They are found in the distal convoluted tubule.

A

They are modified smooth muscle cells found in the afferent arteriole.

31
Q

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.

platelets
fibrinogen
glucose
nitrogenous wastes
albumin

A

fibrinogen

32
Q

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.

O; AB
AB; O
O; O
B; A
A; B

A

AB; O

33
Q

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?

Gastrin stimulates production of mucus.
Parietal cells secrete a thick mucus that protects the mucosa.
Stem cells in gastric glands constantly replace dead epithelial cells of the mucosa.
Mucosal epithelial cells are exceptionally long-lived.
Excess stomach acid is regurgitated.

A

Stem cells in gastric glands constantly replace dead epithelial cells of the mucosa.

34
Q

What causes RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) in premature babies?

There is insufficient production of surfactant.

Muscles associated with respiration are not strong enough to expand the thorax.

Bronchioles are constricted due to excess production of mucus.

Respiratory centers of the brain are not functional until late in the fetal stage.

The lungs have not yet produced adequate numbers of alveoli for efficient gas exchange.

A

There is insufficient production of surfactant.

35
Q

The following is a list of tissue layers of the digestive tract. What is the correct order from lumen to external surface?
(1) Muscularis externa
(2) Muscularis mucosa
(3) Serosa
(4) Lamina propria
(5) Submucosa

4, 2, 5, 1, 3
4, 2, 1, 5, 3
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
4, 5, 2, 1, 3
3, 4, 5, 2, 1

A

4, 2, 5, 1, 3

36
Q

What is the average life span of red blood cells?

10 days
4 to 5 days
Several decades
120 days
20 days

A

120 days

37
Q

Blood pressure is highest in which of the following vessels?

Capillaries

Distributing arteries

Venules

Conducting arteries

Large veins

A

Conducting arteries

38
Q

What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus?

Neutrophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil

A

Monocyte

39
Q

Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Somatostatin

Prolactin–inhibiting hormone (PIH)

Thyrotropin–releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

40
Q

A drop of blood returning from the big toe would enter the heart through what vessel?

Azygous vein
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

A

Inferior vena cava

41
Q

What is the condition, especially noticeable in the lower limbs, that develops when veins become distended due to backflow of blood through stretched venous valves?

Varicose veins
Phlebitis
Cardiovascular accident
Vasculitis
Aneurysm

A

Varicose veins

42
Q

Which of the following is not a formed element found in blood?

Lymphocyte

Antibody

Erythrocyte

Eosinophil

Platelet

A

Antibody

43
Q

Which type of lymphatic vessel is largest?

Trunk
Terminal lymphatics
Duct
Collecting vessel
Capillary

A

Duct

44
Q

If we trace the ureter toward the kidney, which of these structures will we come to first?

The renal pelvis

A renal pyramid

A collecting duct

A major calyx

A minor calyx

A

The renal pelvis

45
Q

Through which of the following does blood return to the heart from the lungs?

Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava

A

Pulmonary veins

46
Q

What is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone?

The posterior pituitary
The gonads
The thyroid gland
The anterior pituitary
The adrenal cortex

A

The anterior pituitary

47
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air pressure in the thorax drops.

The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs.

The size of the thoracic cavity decreases and air flows into the lungs.

The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air pressure in the thorax increases.

The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows out of the lungs.

A

The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs.

48
Q

What does a hepatic triad consist of?

The right, left, and common hepatic ducts

The hepatic portal vein and two hepatic ducts

A bile ductule, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein

A central vein, a hepatic lobule, and a hepatic sinusoid

The common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct

A

A bile ductule, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein

49
Q

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

Cisterna chyli
Right lymphatic duct
Bronchomediastinal trunk
Thoracic duct
Lumbar trunk

A

Right lymphatic duct

50
Q

What is one function of parietal cells in the stomach?

They produce mucus.
They produce a secretion that begins to break down starch.
They produce a secretion that stimulates gastric motility.
They produce hydrochloric acid.
They produce a secretion that breaks down lipids.

A

They produce hydrochloric acid.

Anatomy (37 decks)

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