Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the three main types of Connective Tissue?

Answer 1

CT Proper
Supporting CT
Fluid CT

Question 2

What are the two sub-categories of CT proper?

Answer 2

Loose CT
Dense CT

Question 3

What are the three types of Loose CT?

Answer 3

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Question 4

What are the three types of Dense CT?

Answer 4

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

Question 5

What are the two sub-categories of Supportive CT

Answer 5

Bone
Cartilage

Question 6

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 6

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

Question 7

What are the two types of Fluid CT?

Answer 7

Blood
Lymph

Question 8

Where is areolar tissue found?

Answer 8

Under most epithelia and fills spaces between muscle fibers,
surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs on abdominal cavity

Question 9

What’s collagen’s role in Areolar CT?

Answer 9

holds connective tissues of the body together during movement.
Flexible and resists stretching
straight and unbranched

Question 10

What’s the role of Elastic fibers in Areolar CT?

Answer 10

Contain protein elastin.
After being stretched, it will return back to it’s original state.

Question 11

What do reticular fibers do in the areolar CT?

Answer 11

formed from same protein networks as collagen fibers, but branch.

Question 12

Role of Mesenchymal Cells in Areolar tissue?

Answer 12

can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair.

Question 13

What do Fibroblasts do in Areolar tissue?

Answer 13

Secrete polysaccharides to form extracellular matrix - collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) and proteoglycans.
Produce a viscous ground substance
Fibrocytes also found in matrix.

Question 14

What is a fibroblast?

Answer 14

Active cell that secretes extracellular matrix with irregular (egg) shape

Question 15

What is a fibrocyte?

Answer 15

inactive precursor of fibroblast with spindle shape

Question 16

What is a macrophage?

Answer 16

Immune system - large phagocytic cells
Recruit cytokines to recruit other immune system cells to infected sites.

Question 17

What is a Mast Cell?

Answer 17

A part of the immune system with many cytoplasmic granules
Sends histamine and heparin

Question 18

What is heparin?

Answer 18

An anticoagulant that enhances local blood flow during inflammation that reduces blood clotting in slow moving areas.

Question 19

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 19

immune cells within the areolar CT that help fight infection and may develop into antibody producing plasma cells.

Question 20

What do microphages do?

Answer 20

They are attracted to site of infection or injury by chemicals released by macrophages and mast cells/.

Question 21

What is ground substance in areolar CT?

Answer 21

Polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid) and proteins form a proteoglycan which attracts and traps water which forms a clear, viscous, colorless matrix.

Question 22

What is Areolar Connective Tissue’s extracellular matrix made up of?

Answer 22

GAGS (glycosaminoglycans) - large and highly charged polysaccharides
fibrous proteins
a large class of non-collagen glycoproteins.

Question 23

Where do you find the basement membrane?

Answer 23

Between an epithelial tissue and connective tissue.

Question 24

What are Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

Answer 24

unbranched carbohydrate polymers that are composed of disaccharide repeating units.
Water is strongly associated which keeps extracellular matrix hydrated.
Has an amino group and negatively charged carboxyl and sulfate groups.

Question 25

What are proteoglycans?

Answer 25

molecules composed of polypeptides and maybe even GAGS attached by chemical bindings. Assembled in cell and released by exocytosis.

Question 26

How is shock absorbed in the body?

Answer 26

GAGS and proteoglycans deform and release water under mechanical load which absorbs impact, they then rehydrate after.

Question 27

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 27

consists of mostly fat storage cells w/ little extracellular matrix has a yellow tinge due to fat soluble carotene capillaries within permit rapid storage and mobilization of excess calories as fat droplets.

Question 28

What is Reticular Tissue?

Answer 28

A mesh-like supportive framework for soft organs

Question 29

What connective tissue are ligaments and joints made from?

Answer 29

dense regular CT

Question 30

What is regular dense connective tissue?

Answer 30

tissue fibers are parallel to one another which enhances tensile strength and resistance is stretching from beign pulled.

Question 31

What CT are tendons and ligaments made of?

Answer 31

Dense CT

Question 32

What is Irregular Dense CT?

Answer 32

Direction of fibers is random and gives strength in all directions

Question 33

What type of CT is in the dermis?

Answer 33

irregular dense CT

Question 34

What is special about Elastic dense CT?

Answer 34

it enables structures to regain shape after stretching

Question 35

What is cartilage?

Answer 35

Soft, flexible and elastic CT that protects from bone friction, avascular.

Question 36

What is the cartilage matrix made of?

Answer 36

proteoglycan and polysaccarides

Question 37

What is hyaline?

Answer 37

Found in ribcage and nose and covers bones with moveable joints, it is a strong and flexible cartilage. Dispersed collagen fibers and large amount of proteoglycans.

Question 38

What makes the template in babies for future adult bone?

Answer 38

a plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone.

Question 39

What is fibroelastic cartilage?

Answer 39

Cartilage that limits movement, prevents bone-bone compaction and resists compression (spinal cord)

Question 40

What cartilage is supportive but bends easily?

Answer 40

Elastic cartilage

Question 41

What is bone's extracellular matrix composition?

Answer 41

collagen fibers embedded in a mineralized ground substance containing hydroxyapatite.

Question 42

Why is collagen important in bones?

Answer 42

Bones would be brittle and shatter easily.