Respiratory Structure & Function

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

To help you breathe

Question 2

What is included in the respiratory system

Answer 2

Airways, lungs, and blood vessels

Question 3

What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems

Question 4

What anatomy is apart of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 4

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

Question 5

What anatomy is apart of the lower respiratory system?

Answer 5

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

Question 6

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

The conducting portion and the respiratory portion

Question 7

What anatomy spans the conducting portion?

Answer 7

Nasal cavity to the larger bronchioles

Question 8

What anatomy spans the respiratory portion?

Answer 8

Smaller respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Question 9

Where does the respiratory mucosa line?

Answer 9

The conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Question 10

What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?

Answer 10

An epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue

Question 11

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 11

Underlying layer or areolar tissue that supports respiratory epithelium

Question 12

How is mucus propelled along the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 12

Ciliary movement

Question 13

How does Cystic Fibrosis affect the respiratory system?

Answer 13

Congenital defect affect mucus cells which creates thick and sticky mucus and therefore blocks passageways and leads to frequent infection

Question 14

Where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells found?

Answer 14

In nasal cavity, superior portion of the pharynx and lower respiratory system.

Question 15

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 15

Inferior portions of pharynx

Question 16

Where is cuboidal epithelium with scattered cilia found?

Answer 16

Smaller bronchioles

Question 17

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 17

alveoli

Question 18

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 18

Primary passageway for air entry

Question 19

What is the nasal vestibule?

Answer 19

Space contained within the flexible tissues of the nostrils

Question 20

Why do we have hairs across the nostrils?

Answer 20

To prevent large airborne particles from entering nasal cavity?

Question 21

Why is the nasal cavity ireggularly bony?

Answer 21

To make airflow turbulent in order to warm and humidify incoming air and to allow smaller particles to get caught in mucosa.

Question 22

Where and what is the purpose of the olfactory region?

Answer 22

In the superior portion of the nasal cavity that provide a sense of smell

Question 23

What organ is shared by both the digestive and respiratory systems?

Answer 23

Pharynx

Question 24

What is the Larynx

Answer 24

A cartilaginous tube that surrounds and protects the glottis.

Question 25

What three cartilages comprise the Layrnx

Answer 25

Epiglottis - elastic cartilage And thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 26

What causes the Laryngeal prominence?

Answer 26

Thyroid cartilage elongation due adrogens.

Question 27

What is the larynx?

Answer 27

Voice box

Question 28

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 28

To provide a patent airway To route fodd and air in the right diretcions VOice production

Question 29

What is the trachea?

Answer 29

Wind pipe

Question 30

Why tracheal cartilages important?

Answer 30

They keep trachea open and protect the airway

Question 31

How does sympathetic stimulation affect the trachea?

Answer 31

Causes a relaxion of the trachea which allows more air into the body.

Question 32

Where are alveoli located?

Answer 32

At the end of respiratory bronchioles along alveolar ducts

Question 33

What is a type 1 pneumocyte?

Answer 33

simple squamous epithelium that forms the wall of the alveoli and is the site of gas diffusion

Question 34

What is the immune cell of the alveoli

Answer 34

Alveolar macrophages

Question 35

What is a type 2 pneumocyte?

Answer 35

large cells scattered among squamous cells that produce surfactant

Question 36

What is surfactant?

Answer 36

Oily secretion along the alveolar surface that reduces surface tension to keep alveoli open

Question 37

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 37

A condition in premature infants where alveoli collapse due to inadequate amounts of surfactant.

Question 38

What are the layers of the blood-air barrier?

Answer 38

Alveolar cell layer Capillary endothelial layer Fused basement membrane

Question 39

What causes quick and effiecient gas exchange?

Answer 39

The distance for diffusion is short and gases are lipid soluble.

Question 40

What are the three lobes of the right lung?

Answer 40

Superior lobe, Middle lobe, and inferior lobe

Question 41

What are the two lobes of the left lung?

Answer 41

The superior and inferior lobes

Question 42

What is a pulmonary lobectomy

Answer 42

Surgical removal of an unhealthy part of the lung

Question 43

What are the pleural cavities?

Answer 43

Parietal pleura (inner thoracic wall and accross diapraghm) and Visceral pleura (outer surface of the lungs that extends through lobe fissures.

Question 44

What is external repsiration?

Answer 44

All the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body's interstitial fluids and and external environment

Question 45

Whats internal respiration

Answer 45

Absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by those cells.

Question 46

What is compliance?

Answer 46

A measure of how easy it is to inflate the lungs

Question 47

How does surfactant interact with water

Answer 47

Disrupts hydrogen bonds in water layer to reduce surface tension