Consciousness

Question 1

what are the 2 main types of consciousness

Answer 1

phenomenal

access

Question 2

what is phenomenal consciousness

Answer 2

raw subjective feeling or sensation

Question 3

what is access consciousness

Answer 3

info available to reason, report, memory and action

Question 4

what does phenomenal consciousness contrast with

Answer 4

access consciousness

Question 5

identify 3 other types of consciousness

Answer 5

self-awereness
meta-awareness
introspective awareness

Question 6

what is dualism

Answer 6

there are 2 types of substance

Question 7

what are the 4 types of dualism

Answer 7

interaction
parallelism
epiphenominalism
mysterianism

Question 8

what is interaction

Answer 8

the 2 substances interact

Question 9

what is parallelism

Answer 9

the 2 substances don’t interact but are in sync

Question 10

what is epiphenominalism

Answer 10

matter produces mind, but does not interact with matter

Question 11

what is mysterianism

Answer 11

there are explanations, but we will never know

Question 12

what is cognitive closure

Answer 12

we don’t have the cognitive apparatus to understand the explanation

Question 13

what is monism

Answer 13

there is only 1 kind of substance

Question 14

what are the 5 types of monoism

Answer 14

idealism
materialism
neutral monoism 
physicalism 
functionalism

Question 15

what is idealism

Answer 15

there is only mind

Question 16

what is materialism

Answer 16

there is only matter

Question 17

what is neutral monoism

Answer 17

one thing underlies both mind and matter, but is distinct from either

Question 18

what is physicalism

Answer 18

there are only physical processes

Question 19

what is functionalism

Answer 19

mind is a set of functions that the brain does

Question 20

what are the 2 methods to study consciousness

Answer 20

study conditions with altered states of consciousness

cognitive models

Question 21

what are 3 states of altered consciousness

Answer 21

sleep
drugs/anesthesia
patients

Question 22

what is sleep

Answer 22

dramatic but normal changes in consciousness

Question 23

what is REM

Answer 23

rapid eye movement

sleep when dreams occur

Question 24

what is NREM

Answer 24

non-rapid eye movement

sleep when dreams aren’t occurring

Question 25

what does RAS stand for

Answer 25

reticular activation system

Question 26

when is RAS inactive and active

Answer 26

inactive in NREM | active in REM

Question 27

identify 3 types of amineregic activity

Answer 27

external perception thoughts memory

Question 28

identify 3 amines

Answer 28

dopamine serationin nor-adrenaline

Question 29

identify 2 types of cholinergic activity

Answer 29

emotions | internal perceptions

Question 30

identify a type of chloline

Answer 30

acetyl-choline

Question 31

what 2 things are necessary for dreaming

Answer 31

fronto-limbic connections | parietal operculum

Question 32

what is necessary for consciousness

Answer 32

REM

Question 33

what do neuromodulators affect

Answer 33

phenomenology

Question 34

what is anaesthesia

Answer 34

the complete, but reversible loss of awareness

Question 35

what effect does anaesthesia have

Answer 35

affects neural activity in many brain areas

Question 36

what do drugs alter

Answer 36

neurotransmitter pathways

Question 37

what specific neurotransmitter pathways do anaesthesia drugs act on

Answer 37

endogenous

Question 38

what are the 3 brain disorders affecting awareness

Answer 38

neglect split brain psychoses

Question 39

what is neglect

Answer 39

the body is not aware of a part of the body but unconscious processing can occur

Question 40

what is necessary for spatial awareness

Answer 40

parietal complex

Question 41

what connects the 2 halves of the brain

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

what are the 2 halves of the brain capable of

Answer 42

doing independent tasks simultaneously

Question 43

what is psychosis

Answer 43

an altered state of consciousness characterised by hallucinations and delusions

Question 44

what are hallucinations

Answer 44

false percept in absence of stimulus

Question 45

what are delusions

Answer 45

persistant, abmnormal and implacable beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence

Question 46

where are hallucinations prominent

Answer 46

schizophrenia

Question 47

what can be used to study awareness

Answer 47

altered states of consciousness

Question 48

what are the 2 types of intellect

Answer 48

crystallised | fluid

Question 49

what is crystallised intellect

Answer 49

skills, knowledge and experience

Question 50

what is fluid intellect

Answer 50

the ability to solve problems, independent of past knowledge

Question 51

what is creativity

Answer 51

the interaction among amplitude, process and environment by which a product is produced that is novel and useful

Question 52

describe the animal creativity spectrum in order of increasing amount of cognitive complexity required

Answer 52

basic lovely recognition novelty seeking observational learning innovation

Question 53

how many levels of the creativity spectrum exist

Answer 53

4

Question 54

what are the 4 levels of the creativity spectrum

Answer 54

basic novelty recognition novelty seeking observational learning innovation

Question 55

what is basic novelty recognition

Answer 55

ability to tell that something in the environment is different than it was previously

Question 56

what is observational learning

Answer 56

the addition of a novel behaviour to an individuals response

Question 57

what has creativity been a key element in

Answer 57

human evolution

Question 58

what does human evolution tend to favour in relation to creativity

Answer 58

positive social aspects

Question 59

where does creativity lie within the brain physically

Answer 59

different neural networks can be seen when people are being creative and not

Question 60

where does creativity lie in the brain behaviourally

Answer 60

default network executive network sailence network