Movement

Question 1

how many major mass extinctions have there been

Answer 1

5

Question 2

what mass extinction is important for the topic of movement

Answer 2

permian-triassic

Question 3

when did the Permian-triassic extinction occur

Answer 3

251 mya

Question 4

what is seen in post-permian extinction

Answer 4

high increases in animals that move around

Question 5

what results from movement

Answer 5

complex food webs

Question 6

what are the 5 main animal behaviours

Answer 6

locomotion
prey capture
eating
copulation
sound generation

Question 7

what is all animal behaviour generated by (3)

Answer 7

amoeboid movement
cilliary + flagellar movement
muscle contraction

Question 8

what do amoeboid metazoans use for movement

Answer 8

their cytoskeleton

Question 9

what forms the cytoskeleton in amoeboid metazoans

Answer 9

tubulin
myosin
actin

Question 10

describe the arrangement of cilia and flagella in microtubules

Answer 10

9+2

a ring of 9 pairs of fused microtubules and 2 unfused inner microtubules

Question 11

what are cilia

Answer 11

hair-like organelles that beat in coordinated fashion to propel the organism

Question 12

describe flagellar movement

Answer 12

whip-like

Question 13

what makes up skeletal muscle

Answer 13

fibres b bundled together by connective tissue

Question 14

what does each muscle fibre contain

Answer 14

bundles of microfibrils

Question 15

what makes up microfibrils

Answer 15

repeated contractile units of actin and myosin filaments called sarcomeres

Question 16

what are sarcomeres

Answer 16

units of actin and myosin

Question 17

what is each myosin filament surrounded by

Answer 17

6 actin filaments

Question 18

what does each actin filament sit within in microfibrils

Answer 18

a triangle of 3 myosin filaments

Question 19

what enables the sliding filament theory

Answer 19

actin and myosin overlap

Question 20

how do muscles contract

Answer 20

the sliding filament theory

Question 21

what do actin filaments consist of

Answer 21

2 chains of actin proteins in a coiled arrangement

Question 22

what are the 2 proteins within an actin filament

Answer 22

troponin

tropomyosis

Question 23

what are myosin filaments

Answer 23

bundles of myosin molecules

Question 24

what is within each myosin molecule within a myosin filament

Answer 24

2 coiled polypeptide chains, one with a globular head

Question 25

what accounts for stritations of skeletal muscle

Answer 25

sarcomeres

Question 26

what holds myosin filaments in place

Answer 26

the protein titin

Question 27

what does the A band of microfibril contain

Answer 27

all the myosin filaments

Question 28

what are the H zone and I zone of microfibril

Answer 28

where actin and myosin do not overlap

Question 29

what does the M band of microfibril contain

Answer 29

proteins that hold myosin filaments in place

Question 30

what facilitates movement

Answer 30

neurones and muscles

Question 31

what does movement facilitate

Answer 31

complex behaviour

Question 32

what is complex behaviour driven by

Answer 32

selfish genes

Question 33

what is needed to conserve sedimentary species

Answer 33

identify sites with the most species | or the largest area for the lowest cost

Question 34

why is it more difficult to conserve migratory species

Answer 34

losses in one area can lead to losses in another

Question 35

what does an area in more critical condition have

Answer 35

a lower carrying capacity

Question 36

what may represent the most vulnerable part of a migratory species life cycle

Answer 36

their journey

Question 37

what is the name of the only global convention specialising in the conservation of migratory species, their habitats and migration routes

Answer 37

CMS

Question 38

what 3 things play a part in conservation

Answer 38

legislation treaties agreements

Question 39

what are whole plants

Answer 39

sedimentary

Question 40

what type of movement can plants show

Answer 40

they can move individual parts at different parts in response to stimuli

Question 41

what are the 3 categories of plant movement

Answer 41

very slow slow rapid

Question 42

is very slow plant growth reversible?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

is slow plant growth reversible

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

is rapid plant growth reversible

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

identify the type of plant movement from very slow movement

Answer 45

tropisms

Question 46

what are the 2 types of tropism

Answer 46

phototropism | geotropism

Question 47

what is phototropism

Answer 47

movement and growth in response to light and colours of light

Question 48

what is the plant hormone that stimulates growth

Answer 48

auxin

Question 49

where does auxin. accumulate during plant growth

Answer 49

the shaded side

Question 50

what is positive phototropism

Answer 50

elongated towards the light

Question 51

what is geotropism

Answer 51

plant movement and growth in response to gravity

Question 52

what does auxin stimulate in shoot and root growth

Answer 52

shoots grow upwards | roots grown down

Question 53

identify 2 types of slow plant movement

Answer 53

leaf closure | plant dispersal

Question 54

what is leaf closure (slow plant movement)

Answer 54

stomatal closure in response to drought conditions in order to conserve water

Question 55

what is plant dispersal (slow plant movement)

Answer 55

seeds are dispersed as plant moves along | e.g tumbleweed

Question 56

why may plants show rapid movement

Answer 56

defence | attack

Question 57

what 4 things is plant movement mechanisms likely to involve

Answer 57

differentiated growth build up of tension in tissues/cells ion pumping osmotic changes