Ecto- and Endothermy

Question 1

what does pumping O2 into our bodies allow

Answer 1

efficient energy production

Question 2

what are the 2 ways our bodies produce energy

Answer 2

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

Question 3

which is the more efficient form of respiration

Answer 3

aerobic

as it produces more ATP

Question 4

what suggests common ancestry

Answer 4

similar embryonic structures

Question 5

what is recapulation

Answer 5

the repetition of an evolutionary or other process during development or growth

Question 6

what is Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 6

the rate of diffusion of a gas between 2 media

Question 7

what are 3 ways animals optimise partial pressure

Answer 7

minimise path length
ventilation
perfusion

Question 8

describe blood flow in fish gills

Answer 8

is on the inner surface of the lamellae and is unidirectional

Question 9

what are afferent blood vessels in fish gills

Answer 9

flow towards them

Question 10

what are efferent blood vessels in fish gills

Answer 10

flow away from them

Question 11

what ensures a countercurrent flow of O2 in fish to maximise the PO2 gradient

Answer 11

afferent and efferent blood vessels

Question 12

what can effect physiology of terrestrial animals

Answer 12

boyle’s law

Question 13

what is boyle’s law

Answer 13

the pressure of gas decreases as the volume increases

Question 14

how can animals maximise the diffusion coefficient

Answer 14

by using air rather than water for diffusion whenever possible

Question 15

what did some theropod dinosaurs seem to have

Answer 15

lungs like modern birds that are much more efficient than mammalian lungs

Question 16

what can birds sustain better than mammals

Answer 16

higher activities for longer

higher altitudes

Question 17

how does air flow in bird lungs

Answer 17

unidirectionally

Question 18

what has driven speciation for millions of years

Answer 18

oxygen availability

Question 19

what processes are temperature sensitive

Answer 19

physiological

Question 20

what happens to the body temperature of endotherms when environmental temperature increases

Answer 20

remains constant

Question 21

what happens to the body temperature of ectotherms when environmental temperature increases

Answer 21

increases to equilibrate

Question 22

in colder environments, what happens to metabolic heat production in endotherms

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

in colder environments, what happens to metabolic heat production in ectotherms

Answer 23

falls

Question 24

compare the surface area in big and small animals

Answer 24

big animals have a relatively smaller surface area than small animals

Question 25

identify 3 benefits of ecotothermy

Answer 25

low energy uptake and expenditure require less food require less water

Question 26

what does heat exchange with the environment in ectotherms relate to

Answer 26

body surface area

Question 27

due to a low energy uptake and expenditure, what can ectotherms put more energy into

Answer 27

reproduction

Question 28

what is the max O2 consumption in ectotherms

Answer 28

10 times their resting rate

Question 29

identify 4 mammalian characteristics

Answer 29

raised body with vertical legs advanced parental care endothermic lower jaw is a single bone

Question 30

what do nasal respiratory bones indicate

Answer 30

endothermy

Question 31

what do nasal respiratory bones counteract

Answer 31

effects of high ventilation rates

Question 32

what is seen in the surface area of lungs from amphibians up to mammals

Answer 32

it becomes proportionately greater

Question 33

what must endotherms obtain, even at rest

Answer 33

plenty of oxygen

Question 34

what do amphibians and reptiles generally lack

Answer 34

a diaphragm

Question 35

what can ectotherms tolerate

Answer 35

a wide range of temperatures

Question 36

what are ectotherms handicapped by at high temperatures

Answer 36

haemoglobins decreased affinity for O2

Question 37

identify 2 costs of endothermy

Answer 37

high energy intake and expenditure | require large aspects of food and water

Question 38

identify a benefit of endothermy

Answer 38

can sustain longer periods of intense activity

Question 39

how is cooling achieved

Answer 39

conduction, convection and radiation of heat from the body

Question 40

how is heat primarily transferred from the bodies core to surface

Answer 40

circulation

Question 41

what regulates the rate of heat loss

Answer 41

blood flow to surface blood vessels

Question 42

what is the most effective form of heat loss

Answer 42

evaporation

Question 43

what is convection (heat)

Answer 43

movement of blood around the body

Question 44

what is radiation (heat)

Answer 44

loss of heat, near the surface

Question 45

what do large endotherms have an advantage of in hot, dry climates

Answer 45

relatively low surface area

Question 46

what can endothermic animals maintain in comparison to ectothermic animals

Answer 46

a higher metabolic rate and therefore higher stamina