Consolidation of power Flashcards
(43 cards)
when is agrarian reform law
jun 1950 - 43% land redistributed to 60% of rural population
when is chinese involvement in korean war
October 1950 with the intervention of “volunteer war”
Peng Dehuai had 250,000 troops in Korea within 6 months, 180,000 died
resist america, aid korea campaign
october 1950
foreigners identified and either charged with spying or deported. eg missionaries, foreign businesses, any institution with western links
radios and weapons seized and mass rallies organised to grow frenzy of suspicion
suppression of counter-revolutionaries campaign
feb 1951
authorities claimed to ahve evidence against 40,000 people
-In guangdong, 52,000 bandits, 89,000 criminals caught
28,000 executed in less than a year in Shanghai.
= lasted a year and involved anyone with links to GMD
when were residents permits made
summer 1951 - all over 15
controlled movement, marriage, uni
controlled by danwei
thought reform campaign
september 1951
the educated need to drive modernisation of chin abut mao was suspicious if independent thinkers, esp those educated abroad
forced intellectuals to study and adopt maoist thought and make self-criticisms
3 antis campaign
nov 1951 - DIRECTED AGAINST BOUREGOUSIE IN CCP
started in manchuria when there was a party investigation of corruption in CCP. mass meetings started and self-criticisms
targets - waste, obstructionist, bureaucracy
those in firing line were managers, state officials, and party members.
= succeeded in rooting out many of the corrupt practices that had been engrained in chinese business and public administration, also party members reminded of the danger of independent thinking
5 antis campaign
jan 1952 - DIRECTED AGAINST BOURGEOISIE
- targets bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating govt contracts, economic espionage
- 3000 mass meetings in feb 1952 in shanghai alone
- for the guilty, large fines, confiscation of property, labour camps. no executions but many suicides.
- party organised mass meetings, parades, door to door, radio broadcasts
when is prostitution stamped out
by dec 1953, prostitution had been virtually stamped out through reform and sent to reeducation centres
purge of gao gang and rao shushi
dec 1953 - attacked at politburo meeting and accused of attempting to build “individual kingdoms”
election stat
1 large election from 1949-56
mass line
Mao Zedong thought, had been enshrined in the constitution as an official doctrine
mao was able to control the ideological debate, occasionally purging, those who seem to deviate, and therefore control the party and government
separation of powers
my placed figures, such as Lin Biao and Go Gang across all regions of China, this meant he could endure control over the whole of the Chinese population and establish authority
cadres
more select groups called cadre, permeated, legal systems, schools, and the PLA, the CCP was unable to ensure both governmental systems and forces were in accordance with the ccp
The Danwei controlled the allocation of housing grain, cooking, oil, cloth, and permits to travel marry or change jobs
democratic centralism
In theory, party members are free to express opinion and participate in debate on policies, but once final decisions had been made by politburo, everyone had to accept
why did Mao’s unelected illegitimate government go on challenged X4
-It brought peace and unity to China
-It brought national pride on an international scale
-Elimination of enemies through campaigns
claim to represent the will of the people
political rights
only the people who had political rights could participate in the PRC
People such as reactionary elements, feudal elements, Lacys of imperialism, bureaucratic, capitalists, and enemies of the people are essentially NON people who were to be repressed, punished or reformed
timeline of reform campaigns
1949 – October – establishment of PRC
1950 – June agrarian reform law
- Start of Chinese involvement in Korean War and the resist America campaign
1951. Launch of suppression of counterrevolutionaries campaign.
Sept, 1951 thought reform campaign
Nov 1951 – launcher three antis
Jan, 1952 – launch of five antis
pla’s role in 1950
1950– 5mil men, and 41% of state budget
Partial deconstruction of the PLA, but still received 800,000 conscripts annually, so they could be indoctrinated
rebuilt infrastructure after half railways were destroyed in the civil war
terror and propaganda
labour camps (laogai)
Mao quotes for numbers to be killed – approx one for every thousand
Prostitution stamped out by, 1953 – sent to reeducation centres
In Shanghai in the 5 antis, the party set up mass meetings, parade, door-to-door visits and radio propaganda
27 MILLION DYING IN LAOGAI
2–3 MIL DIED BY SUICIDE TO EVADE HASH PUNISHMENT
those who spoke out with judged as a threat, and was subjected to inhumane conditions. Evoke fear in the population, and compelled them, not to scrutinise.
Land reform
landlords on stage for humiliation and beating – this involves peasants, justice
Suddenly concentrated, cadre sent to collect tax in grain
43% land redistributed to 60% of rural population
1.5-2 mil people killed in 47- 52
CCP resistance, particularly in land reform
that was southern rebellions, in Guangdong, landlords resisted, redistribution, and the CCP forcibly suppressed.
in xingjiang, Muslim groups resisted CCP rule
how did the CCP on consolidate power?
Seminar question
- maoist unquestioned and indoctrinated into PLA, 800,000 conscripts
- The Danwei - state oversees everything.
- Local elected officials, strong centralised government
- Military strength – five mil in 1950.
- Rectified and united party (out of fear or efficiency?)
- Terror and propaganda.
- The people were genuinely happy with the reform. they introduced the stable yuan currency to combat, hyperinflation, gunning the support from business owners
