Economic planners Flashcards
(28 cards)
what years is the third 5 year plan
needed in 61, scheduled for 1963 but delayed until 66.
different approaches - pragmatists 5
- Chen Yun, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping
- valued the contributions of technical experts
- advocated for the rehabilitation of intellectuals purged in the anti-rightist campaign
- restoration of centralised, bureaucratic control to communes
- refocus industrial production to concentrate on fewer, more spcific project
different approaches - radical approack
led by mao
- mass mobilisation to overcome technical backwardness
- decentralised planning to the communes
-
restructuring of chinese economy, AGRICULTURE 7
pb, l, pp, fi, rf,rt,cc
- very large communes broken up into smaller “production brigades” -> more autonomy
- flawed lysenkoism was abandoned
- peasants allowed private plots = 5% of land belonging to communes was set aside for priv plots
- financial incentives to encourage peasants to work
- rural fairs and markets permitted
- 20 million peasants who’d drifted to cities for work returned home.
- communal canteens were abandoned.
restructuring chinese economy - industry 5
p, cs, dttc, sc, ti
- around 25,000 inefficient enterprises set up under the GLF were closed
- coal and steel targets realistically reduced
- the relieve urban youth unemployment, down to the countryside movement to “learn from the peasants”
- scientific research prioritised = compensates for loss of soviet advisors + national self-reliance
- prioritised transport infrastructure
results of restructuring of chinese economy 3
- by 1964 the output of manufacturing had recovered to 1957 level
- agricultural production grew between 62 and 66 although food production was 14% below 1958 level + grain mostly imported
- new oil field discovered in Daqing = oil prod begins in 60
Dazhai
showpiece commune led by illiterate peasant Chen Yonggui
peasant in 1950 began to cooperate in bringing poor quality land into cultivation.
- grain production reported to have trebled between 1952-62
- 1963 natural disasters destroyed arable farmland and peasants repaired damage
= proof of mao’s mass mobilisation and self-reliance
HOWEVER dazhai
1980 - after mao’s death, it is revealed the claims were untrue
massive state aid (PLA rebuilt after 1963) + grain production had actually declined.
the third line why and general
1960s, mao was concerned about the possibility of war (in the nuclear weapons, cold war era)
- national defence had to be factored into economic planning
- intended to start in 63 but didnt until 65
third line info info x4
- building factories, research institutes, roads, railways in south west china
- at least 483 factories and 92 research institutes were built in the south west
- companies from coast were relocated, 1.6 million workers were assigned to 3rd line projects after 1965
- wasteful economically as costly and lack of coordination meant factories were never completed
black and white cat speech
july 1962 at communist youth league conference
summer 62 stats agri and rh
20% of agriculture reverted to the personal responsibility system
25 mil peasants are returned to home villages from cities.
sta on investment 62
investment in capital construction rose form 35 -> 40%
stat on crossing rates
in 1962, 5000 were crossing to Hong Kong daily
socialist education movement
may 1963 with the aim of reinvigorating the local parties with socialist and collectivist ethic.
when were collective canteens abandoned
april 1961 collective canteens abandoned and priority given to manufacturing pots and pans
when was priv cultivation
jun 1961 - private plots, financial incentives (personal responsibility system), 50% more yield due to this, rural fairs and markets now allowed
when were the communes disbanded
september 1961 - disbandment of the people’s communes. basic unit of produciton became the production brigades.
APCs containing 30 households
25 million peasants return home to villages.
when was the rehabilitation of deng xiaoping
1973
in the 60s, there was a quiet rehabilitation of rightists - by zhou enlai adn liu shaoqi, without mao’s approval
1963 stat about oil poduction
by 1963, china was self sufficient in petroleum products
oil production incr 1000%
natural gas production incr 4000%
= less dependent on the USSR for energy
industrial output stat
by 1965, industrial output almost doubled that of 1957
and light industry increased by 27%
successes of the economic planners 4
pr, de, ma, li cs
- policy shift towards pragmatism
7000 cadres conference of 62 marked significant shift in economic policies -> pragmatism
Liu shaoqi and dxp focused on practical economic recovery through material incentives(black and white cat). “GLF was 30% natural disaster, 70% man made” - decentralisation of decision-making
control over production shifted from central authorities to local communes, allowing greater flexiblity
commune leaders were allowed to adjust production according to local conditions = more balanced agric recovery - reintroduction of material incentives
right to cultivate private plots from surplus production (individual responsibility system), by 1965, agr production risen w grain prod reaching 193 mil tons compared to 160 mil tons in 61. rural incomes icnr by 30% from 61-66 due to implementatin - focus on light industry and consumer goods
diverted resources away from heavy industry to prod of consumer goods
industrial output incr by 11% average p/yr betw 62-66
stats on illiteracy
1949 80% total population was illiterate, school enrollment was 20%
by 65, school enrollment in primary school was at 89%
food prices fell stat
food prices dell 50% while agr incomes rose by 30%
