Constraints Based Motor Learning Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is motor learning
The process of acquiring the capability for producing skilled actions
Direct result of practice
Infer
Permanent
What are bernsteins stages
- Freeze dof (forces in a direction)
- Release and reorganising
- Exploiting mechanical properties
What is the dynamical systems theory
Emphasises the need to understand natural phenomenon as a system with many interacting parts
Views the learner as a complex system
Skill acquisition takes place via the self organising properties of the human movement system
What are the characteristics of complex systems
Many independent and variable dof
Many levels in the system, neural, mechanical, psychological
Non linear/not predictable behaviour
Stable and unstable patterned relationships among system parts
Subsystem components influence behaviour of other subsystems
What are attractors
Easier or preferable state e.g both clockwise
What are the three types of constraints
Organismic
Task
Environmental
What are organismic constraints
Associated with the human body
Name the organismic constraints
Height
Weight
Strength
Flexibility
Motivation
Errors
Name the environmental constraints
Gravity
Light
Temp
Weather
Culture
Expectations
Socially induced rules
Name the task constraints
Task goals
Rules
Equipment
Playing surface
Line markings
Specific obstacles
What is a constraint
Anything that influences behaviour
Categories not important
Not independent
Explain emerging behaviour and constraints
3 types of constrains
Use perception and action
- in order to satisfy them, a movement pattern will emerge
What is the perceptual motor landscape
Changes as the constraints change
A repertoire of movement attractors
(Basically a motor programme)
To be coordinated with the environment
In order to perform skills effectively
How do we perform skills with perceptual motor landscape
Search for a solution that satisfies the constrains
Adapt as constraints change
Stabilise successful coordination pattern
Practice, seek, explore, assemble and stabilise
Explain solution space
Area plotted in which the skill can be performed correctly
Constraints alter this
For example, reduced strength will shrink the solution space
Picture
Link this to structuring practice
Whole practice
How can you manipulate task constraints to encourage the performer to produce correct coordination patterns
- rules
- equipment
- surfaces
- obstacles
- time, slow things down
Want to make easier
Give examples linking manipulating constraints to practice
Bowling
- lighter bowling balls
- railings
- remove foot faults
- smaller bats/balls
- lower meta
- crash mats to guide a cartwheel
= allowing them to actually create the coordination pattern
E.g mini tennis lead to better results in children
Lines, court size ect
