Construction Tech - Worcesters Flashcards
(54 cards)
What are the RIBA Stages?
- 0 – Strategic Definition
- 1 – Preparation and Brief
- 2 – Concept Design
- 3 – Developed Design
- 4 – Technical Design
- 5 – Construction
- 6 – Handover and Close Out
- 7 – In Use
What are the CIBSE illustrated guides?
- Published by the BSRIA
- 4 guidance notes that give a basic outline on mechanical and electrical services
Guide A: Environmental Design
Guide B: Heating, Ventilation & A/C
Guide C: Reference Data
Guide D: Transportation Systems in Building
Guide E: Fire Safety Engineering
Guide F: Energy Efficiency
Guide G: Public Health & Plumbing
Guide H: Building Control Systems
Guide J: Weather & Solar
Guide K: Electricity in Buildings
Guide L: Sustainability
Guide M: Maintenance
What does CIBSE stand for?
Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers
What does a fire door need to have?
- Should be appropriately fire rated and the associated frame should have the same fire rating!
- Should open in the direction of escape if more than 60 people are anticipated to be using the escape route.
- Intumescent strip and cold smoke seal fitted to the tops and side of the door leaf or the frame itself.
- Door closer.
- 3 sets of fire rated hinges to each door.
- Vision panels formed of fire rated glass (if the fire doors on escape routes divides corridors or the door is hung to swing both ways)
- Gap between door and frame should be 3mm.
- Fire door signs should be fitted to both sides of the door.
- Fire door retainer (dorgard) can be installed to legally hold open the fire door - the system holds the door open but will automatically release in response to the sound of a fire alarm
What areas did you look at in respect of fire compartmentation?
- Quality of doors throughout circulation areas and classrooms
used a fire door gap gauge to assess gaps around the frame & floor - Identifying presence of fire-stopping to services
- Looking into roof voids to look at compartmentation between classrooms
What did you observe?
- Gaps, missing self-closers, damaged smoke seals to doors
- Corridors – open vents between classroom walls and circulation areas
- Lack of fire-stopping to services
- Incorrect signage to non-fire rated doors
- Lack of separation between classrooms in roof voids
What fire compartmentation did you specify?
- FD30s fire rated doors to each classroom
- FD60s fire rated doors to double doorsets in circulation areas
- Filling each open vent with FD30 fire rated plasterboard (pink plasterboard)
- Rockwool pipe collars
- Rockwool batts / firestop compound
Why did you specify FD30/60? Why S? What BS does this?
- Specified FD30s / FD60s to stop spread of cold smoke in event of a fire
- Specified installation of smoke brushes in addition to intumescent seals
- Provide a barrier to stop spread of fire when close & means of escape when opened
- Stress testing undertaken as per BS 476 Part 22:1987
What guidance did you look at?
- Approved Document B: Fire safety
- Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
- Fire Safety Act 2022
What certification did you specify for each fire rated element?
- FIRAS certification
- Certfire
- BM TRADA
How do you achieve fire compartmentation?
- Fire resisting construction cavity barriers, with fire stopping as necessary
- Approved Document B defines as cavity as “any concealed space”, cavity barriers should be provided in the following situations:
o To divide cavities at junctions and cavity closures
o Close the edges of cavities at junctions and cavity closures
o To protected escape routes
o To cavities affecting alternative escape routes - Fire doors with frame and furniture, must meet requirement of BS 476-22 (testing) or BS EN 1634-1
- Extending each partition into the roof space to ensure compartmentation of each classroom
- Compartmentation achieved by:
o Gyroc FireLine plasterboard to achieve 30 minute rating – 12.5mm
What did you specify for fire-stopping to services?
Rockwool Firepro HS firestop compound
o Unsupported spans up to 1800mm
o High load bearing capacity
o Multiple or single service penetrations
o Formed into blocks
o Setting time between 30 and 90 minutes
- Installation: trowel stiff mix into opening to correct depth, using non-combustible shuttering material to support the mix until it sets for larger holes
o Pre-cast into blocks
o Fit closure device / material fitted to each services before installation (e.g. pipe collars)
Rockwool firepro pipe collars CE
o High performance intumescent
o Up to EI240 fire resistance
o Suit plastic pipes ranging from 32mm to 160mm
- Installation:
o Solid block, masonry walls – need min thickness of 100mm
o Ensure firestop compound is used around the penetration
o Lock the pipe collar around the pipe by closing the fixing strap, push collar flush to surface of the wall
o Fasten with fire rated fixings - 3no 80mm steel pigtail screws
Rockwool firepro high expansion intumescent sealant
o Sealing combustible pipe and metal pipes with combustible insulation
o Compatible with cPVC pipes
- Installation:
o Prepare joint by cleaning surface, gun firmly into the joint to give good solid fill to required depth
What ironmongery did you specify?
– BS1935 – Building Hardware – Single Axis Hinges
- BS EN 1154 – Building Hardware – Controlled door Closing Devices
- BS1155 – Electrically Powered Hold Open Devices
What is FIRAS?
- 3rd party certification scheme for installation contractors of fire protection systems
- Accredited by UKAS to BS EN ICO/IEC 17065:2012
- 3 stage assessment process:
o Assessment of office management systems
o Assessment of workmanship of site for all trade disciplines for which certification is sought
o Competence assessment of supervisory and installation employees - Certification requirements developed with UK trade associations such as:
o Association for Specialist Fire Protection
o British Woodworking Federation
o Glass & Glazing Federation
What building regulations apply?
- Approved Document B: Fire Safety
- Approved Document M: Access to and the use of buildings
- Approved Document 7: Materials and workmanship
- ## Approved Document P: Electrical Safety
What are the types of fire protection system?
- Active
- Passive
What are the differences between the two?
Active: requires action to be taken to detect an alert, stop or contain fire – e.g. making a manual action like using fire extinguisher, or smoke detector that triggers an alarm or automatic sprinkler
o Fire alarm systems – detect fires early
o Emergency escape lighting – use in event of power failure
o Fire suppression / sprinkler systems – contain with CO2, inert gases, foam or water
o Smoke ventilation – allow smoke to escape from a building, keep corridors smoke free
Passive: prevent spread of fire throughout a building, limiting damage to buildings from fire and smoke – has to be regularly maintained
o Fire doors – internal doors slow fire / smoke from spreading
o Compartmentation / fire stopping – ensures walls, floors, ceilings have continuous fire resistance
o Fire curtain – secure, unobtrusive and cost-effective alternative to fire doors
o Fire & smoke dampers – installed where ducts from heating, ventilation or air con system pass through walls / floors. May be activated be an active system e.g. fire and smoke damper linked to main alarm system
What is the difference between fire integrity and insulation?
Integrity
- Ability of element / system’s ability to withstand and prevent passage of fire and smoke through holes, gaps, cracks, etc.
- E.g. FD30, FD60, etc.
Insulation
- Element / system’s ability to withstand the heat from the fire
What are the requirements of approved document B for fire doors?
- Approved Document B2 – Buildings Other than Dwelling Houses
- In a common parts, forming part of a protected stairway the doors must be FD30S
- In compartment walls separating buildings must be a minimum of FD60
What widths are the doors required to be?
- Basis provided in approved document M2 (access and use of buildings other than dwellings)
- 750mm for existing buildings, 775mm at right angles to access routes at least 1200mm wide.
- BS9999 provides a more fire engineered calculation, based on the use, risk categories and occupancy characteristics.
What widths are the doors required to be?
- Basis provided in approved document M2 (access and use of buildings other than dwellings)
- Straight on without a turn = New building 800mm, existing 750mm
- At right angles to access route at least 1,500mm wide = new building 800mm, existing 750mm
- At right angles to access route at least 1,200mm wide = new 825mm, existing 775mm
- External doors to buildings used by general public = new 1,000mm, existing 775mm
Can you specify FD20 Doors?
- Mentioned in approved document B, however in 2017 the BWF (British Woodworking Federation) recommended that FD20 standard no longer be recognised.
What are the changes to approved document B?
- 28th August 2018
o Combustible cladding/materials banned on new high rise homes over 18m tall
o Testing and classification of composite fire door sets – 28th August 2018 - 1st December 2022
o Ban of use of metal composite panels on external walls of all buildings – a ban on combustible materials in and on external walls of all buildings
o New recommendation for evacuation alert system in flats over 18m
o New recommendations for secure information boxes in flats over 11m
How does this relate to fire doors?
- On the 31st July 2018 the department of Housing, communities and local government wrote to building control bodies alerting them to the need to check the performance of fire resisting door sets
