Content 1 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Pap smear recommendations USPSTF
A
Start at age 21 Up to age 65 if woman has had adequate prior screening and no high risk for cervical cancer
2
Q
The best strategy to promote personal health
A
Instill in people a sense of responsibility for their own health
3
Q
Hair coming out in handfuls caused by stress
A
Telogen effluvium
4
Q
Organ-specific autoimmune disease that manifests as round or oval patches of non-scarring hair loss
A
Alopecia areata
5
Q
USPSTF recommendation for mammograms
A
Every 2 years after the age of 50
6
Q
Recommendations for cholesterol checks
A
Every 5 years over the age of 20
7
Q
National cholesterol education program recommendations about diet makeup
A
55% carbs, 30% fat, 15% protein
8
Q
Ultimate goal of crisis intervention
A
To help people function at a higher level than their precrisis state
9
Q
Screening recommendation for glaucoma
A
Starting at age 20, screen at regular annual physical
10
Q
Health plan that delivers comprehensive health maintenance and treatment services to members of an enrolled group who pay a pre-negotiated and fixed price
A
HMO
Must choose their doctor ahead of time
11
Q
Suicide rates
A
Males: highest among those over the age of 75
Females: highest among those aged 45-54
Males succeed at suicide at a rate of four times that of women
Women attempt suicide 2-3 times more often than men
Fire arms are most common method for men
Poisonings are most common method for women
12
Q
Utilization review
A
A system to monitor diagnosis, treatment and billing practices
Lowers healthcare costs by discouraging unnecessary procedures
13
Q
High intensity statins
A
Atorvastatin 40-80mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40mg
14
Q
Moderate intensity statins
A
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Lovastatin 40mg
15
Q
Healthy people 2020’s leading health indicators
A
Obesity, substance abuse and immunizations
16
Q
CDC screening guidelines for HIV
A
Screen those clients with high risk behaviors
17
Q
Most common workplace injury
A
Repetitive stress injuries
18
Q
DHEA
A
A hormone that is abundant in the body and naturally produced from cholesterol by adrenal glands with smaller amounts produced by ovaries
Taking both DHEA and HT is not recommended as it is like double dosing
19
Q
Most common causes of involuntary weight loss
A
Malignancies, GI diseases, psych diseases
20
Q
Daily alcohol recommendations
A
<1oz pure alcohol
=2 cans of bear, 2 small glasses of wine, 2 average cocktails
21
Q
Program that addresses the needs of midlife uninsured women
A
WISEWOMAN
Well-integrated screening and evaluation for women across the nation
22
Q
American Academy of Derm recommends what SPF
A
> 30
23
Q
Women live, on average, how much longer than men
A
6-7 years
24
Q
Leading cause of cancer death
A
Breast, followed by lung
25
Active strategy of health promotion
Stress management program
| Requires individuals to become personally involved
26
Only true CI to immunization according to AAP
Moderate to severe illness with or without a fever and an anaphylactic reaction ro previous vaccine
27
Rimantidine
Effective against influenza A if given within 48 hours of symptom onset
28
Medicare parts A-D
A: basic hospital insurance
B: supplementary covers physician services, lab services, home health care, outpatient tx
C: vision, dental, hearing
D: prescription coverage
29
What percent of US adults >75 years have lost their teeth
25%
30
How much extra are healthcare costs for smokers
40% more on average
31
JNC-8 guidelines for tx stage 1 htn
Use of one of four classes of meds: thiazide diuretics, CCB, ACEI, ARB
32
Women with HIV have higher risk of what STI
HPV
33
What percent of older adults have one chronic condition
80%
34
What percent of older adults have two chronic conditions
50%
35
Causes of anal cancer
STI's
36
Lead screening according to CDC
All children at 12 months
37
Sensitivity vs Specificity
Sensitivity: screening tests ability to identify true positives
Specificity: screening tests ability to identify true negatives
38
Major risk factors for osteoporosis
Body weight <127, personal history of fracture, history of fracture in first degree relative, oral steroids >3 months, current smoking
39
Minor risk factors for osteoporosis
Alcohol intake, dementia ,estrogen deficiency <45, impaired vision, low calcium intake, low activity, recent falls
40
Major criteria for dx chronic fatigue syndrome
>6 months fatigue
| Absence of other clinical conditions
41
Anorexia may cause what physical findings
Bradycardia, amenorrhea, arrhythmias
42
What industry is responsible for the most injuries
construction
43
Allergy to yeast and hep b vaccine
Absolute CI
44
What foods should patients taking levothyroxine avoid
High iodine foods--brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, soy, turnips
45
Recommended daily intake of salt to be below
6g/day
Table salt is 40% sodium by weight
=2400mg sodium/day
46
Tx AOM if penicillin allergy
Omnicef
47
Oxycontin for pediatric patients
Must be 11-16 years old
| Must already be responding to and tolerating a maximum opioid dose equal to at least 20mg of oxycodone per day
48
Fetal movement checks
Should be 20 in 2 hours; lie in left lateral position
| If woman experiences decreased activity, a nonstress test should be initiated in 12 hours
49
Lindane for head lice
No longer recommended as first line
Toxic if swallowed
Nix + Rid OTC for lice
Ovide requires a Rx
50
CDC requirements for physical exam for international adoption
Within 2 weeks of arrival to US
51
Genetics of hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, cystic fribrosis
Hemophilia: x linked recessive
Muscular dystrophy: autosomal dominant
Sickle cell + CF: autosomal recessive
52
Abx choice for acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy
Ampicillin
Avoid nitrofurantoin in 3rd trimester
Bactrim CI in pregnancy
53
RA in pregnancy
75% will experience remission
| Many experience flare up during labor
54
When is brain configuration complete of fetus
12 weeks
55
Mastodynia
Presumptive sign of pregnancy that involves tingling or frank pain of breasts
56
Desmopressin in pediatrics
>6 years old only
| Can cause hyponatremia
57
Idiopathic scoliosis
Has a familial pattern
Scapulae are unequal
Majority have a right thoracic curve
58
Direct coombs test
Done on a blood specimen from the fetus, usually obtained from the umbilical cord
59
Indirect coombs test
Test atypical antibody titer in mother's blood
60
Hypotonia, simian creases, epicanthal folds, brushfield spots
Down syndrome
61
Low birth weight, small jaw and recessed chin, muscle rigidity, short sternum
Edwards syndrome
| Trisomy 18
62
Cleft lip + palate, polydactyly, malformed ears, absence of iris
Patau syndrome
63
Lymphademia of hands and feet, webbed neck, coarctation of aorta, urinary tract abnormalities
Turner's syndrome
64
Methylphenidate transdermal patch
Daytrana; for ADHD
Should not be worn for more than 9 hours a day
Apply to a different hip each day
65
Developmental delay, lack of speech, seizures, walking and balance disorders, happy demeaner
Angelmann syndrome
66
Low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, chronic feeling of hunger
Prader-Willi syndrome
67
Innocent murmurs
Grade 1-2
Change with position
Musical or vibratory
68
Spalding's sign
Overlapping of the fetal cranial bones seen on US
| Result of decreased tissue turgor that occurs after fetal death
69
Piskacek's sign
Palpable lateral bulge or soft prominence where the uterine tubes meets the uterus
70
New guidelines for bronciolitis
No longer recommends bronchodilators
Still recommended: NG fluids for infants who cannot maintain hydration orally, palivizumab during first year of life to infants with significant heart disease or chronic lung disease of prematurity, and nebulized hypertonic saline
71
Herpes and miscarriage
If primary infection is early in pregnancy, miscarriage risk increased
Primary infection or recurrence later in pregnancy is not associated with miscarriage
72
Lacosamide (Vimpat)
May be used to treat partial onset seizures >4 years old
| Only by mouth
73
Weight gain recommendations in pregnancy
Underweight: 28-40 ib; 5ib in first trimester
Normal: 25-35ib; 3.5ib in first trimester
Overweight: 15-25ib; 2ib in first trimester
Ovese: 15ib; 2ib in first trimester
74
AAP recommendation for cholesterol screening
9-11 years old
75
Live virus immunizations
Yellow fever, MMR, varicella
76
Excessive iron intake in pregnancy may result in
premature delivery and low birth weight babies
77
Recommended sequence for adding solid foods to infant's diet
```
Cereal
Fruits
Yellow vegetables
Green vegetables
Strained meats
```
78
Bishop's score
Assessment of the cervix's readiness for elective induction
79
Biophysical profile
Multiparameter evaluation following a nonreactive nonstress test
80
Lecithin/shingomyelin ratio
Used to evaluate fetal lung maturity
81
Acceptable LDL for children 2-19 years
<170
82
Congenital zika syndrome
Microcephaly where the skull has partially collapsed, decreased brain tissue, damage to the back of the eye, joints with limited ROM
83
APGAR stands for
Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
84
Flexing hips and knees at 90 degree angle and attempting to slip the femur heads onto the posterior tib of the acetabula by lateral pressure
Barlow's test
85
Flex knees and hips and adduct/abduct
Ortolani's maneuver
86
SE risperidone
Weight gain, constipation, fatigue/drowsiness
87
How many cafe-au-lait spots is worrisome
>5 suggests neurofibromatosis
88
Low dose aspirin duration for Kawasaki
6-8 weeks
| Continued indefinitely if patient develops coronary abnormalities
89
Chorionic villus sampling
Detects only chromosomal anomalies and not anatomical aberrations such as neural tube defects
May be performed at 10-12 weeks gestation
Slightly higher risk of loss of pregnancy than amniocentesis
90
What medications can you use to control rate in A Fib
Verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin, beta blockers
91
Unilateral itching along medial border of scapula
Notalgia paresthetica
Sensory neuropathy in thoracic spine
Tx: moisturiers, topical capsaicin, H1 blockers
92
Entrapment of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh; burning dicomfort, numbness, tingling and diminished sensation of upper outer thigh
Meralgia paresthetica
| Obesity and DM are common underlying diagnosis
93
Nerve damage in 2 or more named nerves in separate parts of the body
Mononeuritis multiplex
94
Effective antihypertensives in pregnancy
Nifedipine, labetalol, methyldopa
95
D-dimer
degradation of fibrin that is found in a thrombus
| DVT=elevated D-dimer
96
1st line tx for acute cluster headaches
Oxygen inhalation
| SC sumatriptan
97
Which animal bite can be treated with primary closure
Dog
98
Dupuytren's contractures
Caused by fibrosis of palmar fascia resulting in contractions of fingers
Associated with people who abuse alcohol, or who are diabetic
99
What labs need to be monitored for patients taking clozapine
Neutrophile count weekly for the first 6 months, biweekly for the next 6 months and monthly for duration of therapy
Medication can cause fatal agranulocytosis
100
Most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
101
Gastroperesis in diabetics
Delayed emptying of the stomach; GI manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
May cause slow absorption of an oral hypoglycemic agent
102
Common problem that people with Williams syndrome have
Some type of heart or blood vessel problem
| Usually a narrowing of aorta or pulmonary arteries
103
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening
Used to detect an increased risk for neural tube defects and ventral wall defects
Considered from 16-18 weeks gestation
Elevated if neural tube defects and women with multiple fetuses
Low levels associated with down syndrome
104
What to do with an avulsed tooth
Replace as soon as possible
| after rinsing it gently with cold milk, saline or room temp water
105
Thimerosal in flu vaccine
Present in multidose vials to preserve
| Not present in single use vials
106
How to measure fetal gestation based on US
Before 12 weeks: crown to rump
| After 12 weeks: femur length and biparietal diameter
107
What to tell a breastfeeding woman who is experiencing constant tenderness of the nipples
Apply dry heat to the nipples between feedings
108
What cardiac condition is in infant with Down Syndrome most likely to have
AV septal defect
109
Preferred initial tx of patent ductus arteriosus
IV indomethacin
110
Anticoagulant use in pregnancy
Heparin and embolectomy are allowed
| Dabigatran not recommended
111
Education for patient regarding Dabigatran
Should be stored in its original bottle to ensure stability and loss of potency from moisture
112
Classic hematologic abnormality in lead poisoning
Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes
113
Stroke + fever
=Endocarditis until proven otherwise
| Always get immediate blood cultures
114
Premenopausal osteoporosis in woman should arouse suspicion of
Celiac disease
115
Tx pseudomembrane colitis
Flagyl
