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Winland Brown Review Book > Content 4 > Flashcards

Content 4 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Differences in presentation between gastric and duodenal ulcer

A

Gastric: vomiting
Duodenal: Diarrhea

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2
Q

Tenesmus

A

Spasmodic contraction of anal and bladder sphincters, producing pain and persistent desire to empty the bowel and bladder

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3
Q

Pyloroplasty

A

Surgically enlarges the opening between the stomach and duodenum to improve gastric emptying

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4
Q

Bilroth 1

A

Gastroduodenostomy

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5
Q

Vagotomy

A

Removes a portion or all of the vagal nerves to the stomach

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6
Q

Once gastric CA has been diagnosed, accurate staging can be done via

A

Endoscopic ultrasound

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7
Q

Ransons criteria

A

Compose a classification system to assess the severity of pancreatitis

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8
Q

What lab value is increased with significant diarrhea

A

Serum Cl

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9
Q

Where are lipids broken down

A

Small intenstine by pancreatic lipases

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10
Q

What could cause false positive blood in the stool

A

Ingestion of rare meat

Oral iron preparations

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11
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

AKA esophageal sphincter

Located between esophagus and stomach

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12
Q

What type of hernia develops over a previous surgical site

A

Incisional or ventral hernia

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13
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

Pain elicited in RLQ when palpating in LLQ

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14
Q

WHen do abdominal respirations cease in kids

A

age 7

The absence <7 indicates peritoneal inflammation

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15
Q

most common cause of melena

A

Upper GI bleeding

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16
Q

Hyperactive bowel sounds are present with

A

Laxative use, early mechanical bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea

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17
Q

Hypoactive bowel sounds present with

A

Cirrhosis, late mechanical bowel obstruction, pancreatic cancer

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18
Q

What agents are CI in UC

A

Anti diarrheal agents–may precipitate colonic dilation

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19
Q

Which antibiotic causes most GI upset

A

Erythromycin

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20
Q

Findings in diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain, tender mass in LLQ, and elevated temperature

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21
Q

Palpable spleen 2cm or less below left costal margin in <3 year old

A

Normal

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22
Q

Koch pouch

A

Continent ileostomy
Surgical removal of the rectum and colon and construction of an internal ileal reservoir, nipple valve and stoma allowing for intermittent drainage of ileal contents

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23
Q

Most frequent cause of elevated LFT

A

Hepatocellular damage due to alcohol abuse

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24
Q

WHich organ produces and secretes biles to emulsify fats

A

The liver; the gallbladder stores and concentrates the biles

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25
Schilling test
Timed urine test that evaluates the ability to absorb Vitamin B12 from the GI tract Used to diagnose pernicious anemia and malabsorption syndromes Normal is 10-40% <7% indicates supplement with vitamin B12
26
Rumination
Food is regurgitated, mouthed or chewed, and then reswallowed May be psychogenic
27
What finding indicates that biliary obstruction is present with liver disease
Pruritus
28
Cushing ulcer
stress ulcer due to head injury
29
Portacaval shunt most often performed for
Bleeding esophageal varices due to alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension
30
What accounts for the most cases of mechanical bowel obstruction
Hernias
31
Prevention of SSI in colorectal surgery
3 doses of cefmetazole administration
32
Tx for physiologic jaundic
Not needed if <20
33
MOA of diphenoxylate and loperamide
Decrease motility of the ileum and colon, slowing transit time and promoting more water absorption
34
MOA of anticholinergics for diarrhea
Reduce bowel spasticity and acid secretion in the stomach
35
Most common causes of upper GI bleeding in descending order
Peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices, esophagitis, erosive gastritis, carcinomas, AV malformations
36
If client with ARF excretes 400mL urine on Tuesday, how much fluid should you give Wednesday?
900ml | Allow for 500ml insensible fluid loss
37
most common genetic cause of chronic renal disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
38
Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis
Tetany, hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, decreasing LOC, hyperreflexia, dysrhythmias, seizures, respiratory failure
39
Clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis
N/V, weakness, bradycardia
40
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome
DM
41
WHat postvoid residual cath volume is abnormal
>30mL
42
What diagnostic test may lead to dx of nephrolithiasis
Urinary calcium output >300mg in 24 hours
43
An acidic urine pH favors which type of stones
Uric acid and cystine
44
What is most common cause of end stage renal disease
Diabetic nephropathy
45
Meds used to decrease calcium phosphate and oxalate stones
Thiazide diuretics, phosphate and calcium binding agents
46
Clinical manifestations of renal tumors
Microscopic hematuria, palpable abdominal mass, fever, flank pain, fatigue, weight loss, anemia/polycythemia
47
Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction
Ureterolithiasis
48
Most common cause of death in dialysis clients
CV failure with hypotension and diabetes as predisposing factors
49
Urine can be colonized with bacteria when catheter is left in longer than
72 hours
50
When does progressive loss of nephrons occur
Age 40
51
Decreased pH, normal PCO2, decreased HCO3 indicates
Metabolic acidosis | Renal failure, diabetes, shock can cause
52
2 most common reasons for vascular access dysfunction and loss of hemodialysis for patients
Thrombosis and infection
53
RHabdomyolysis
Breakdown of skeletal muscle with resulting release of myoglobin which accumulates in the kidney tubules causing acute injury
54
pH 7.39, PaO2 92, HCO3 24, PaCO2 48
Respiratory acidosis
55
Most common kidney stones
Calcium oxolate
56
Oliguria in adult
<500mL/day
57
Anuria in adult
<100mL/day
58
Excessive alcohol ingestion can cause what acid-base imbalance
Metabolic acidosis--alcohol results in excess acid levels in blood
59
Etiology for transient urinary incontinence
``` DIAPERS Drugs--anticholinergics, diuretics Infection Atrophy of vagina/urethra Psychological disorders Endocrine Restricted mobility Stool impaction ```
60
Most calcium phosphate stones are caused by
Primary hyperparathyroidism | Tx: excision of parathyroid adenoma
61
Why are middle aged men less prone to UTI than middle aged women
They have the bacteriostatic effects of prostatic fluid and a longer urethra

Winland Brown Review Book (5 decks)

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