Content 2 Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Preferring peer group activity over adult activities, conforming to group rules, using secret codes, desiring acceptance
A
School age child
6-10 years
2
Q
When does growth spurt occur in males
A
2 years after girls
Usually ends in tanner stage 5
Deepening of voice occurs during growth spurt
3
Q
Reproductive changes in men as they age
A
Slightly decreased sperm production, decreased semen volume, testicular softening, decreased testosterone levels
4
Q
Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability in children
A
Fragile x SYNDROME
x-linked
5
Q
Infant crosses legs when lifted from behind
A
Cerebral Palsy
6
Q
Child can speak in short sentence, give full name, use plurals, know 2 or 3 prepositions and tell a story
A
3 years old
7
Q
Older aging changes in cell mediated immunity
A
Antibodies switch to auto antibodies
8
Q
Annual weight gain for school age child
A
5-7ib
9
Q
When can a child remember and reverse a sequence of 6 numbers
A
Adolescence
10
Q
HEADSS assessment
A
Use in adolescents
Home life, education, alcohol, drugs, sexual activity, suicide thoughts
11
Q
When should child be able to hop and jump rope
A
hop: age 4
jump rope: age 5
12
Q
Age of separation anxiety
A
begins around 8-9 months and peaks at 14 months
13
Q
By what age do children have a strong preference for one hand over the other
A
End of preschool period: age 4-5
14
Q
Skin changes in elderly
A
Decreased number of melanocytes, decreased langergans cells
15
Q
Successful aging paradigm
A
Physical health, cognitive abilities, social involvement and engagement, productivity, life satisfaction are all major components of healthy aging process
16
Q
Get up and go test
A
Assesses functional mobility
17
Q
Erikson stage for learning self-assertion, spontaneity, self-sufficiency, direction, and purpose
A
Initiative vs guilt
3-5 years old
18
Q
When is fragile X usually diagnosed
A
After the toddler stage
19
Q
When do children start to enjoy interaction with other children rather than parallel play
A
Age 3
20
Q
Child can fasten and unfasten buttons, draw stick figures with 3 parts, successfully use scissors, lace shoes
A
Age 4
21
Q
Marasmus
A
Form of protein calorie malnutrition
22
Q
Erikson’s last ego stage in older adults; results in adults feeling comfortable with their life choices and the knowledge that they would have done everything the same way again
A
Integrity vs despair
23
Q
When does menarche occur
A
Typically 2 years after thelarche, at the end of tanner stage 3
24
Q
Height growth during school age years
A
3in annually
25
Being easily overwhelmed by stimuli, excessive chewing on clothes and frequent tantrums
Fragile X
26
When does nocturnal emissions occur in males
At about age 14; 1 year after penis begins to grow
27
Most common organism in endocarditis for drug abusers
Staph aureus
28
Egg allergy in children
Strict avoidance can cause children to outgrow
| Most will outgrow it
29
Eluxadoline
Mu-opioid receptor agonist and delta-opioid receptor antagonist
Tx for IBS with diarrha
30
Lubiprostone
Enhances fluid secretion
| Tx of IBS with constipation
31
TMJ
Pain that is unilateral and radiates to the posterior neck, ear, jaw and temporal area
Face may show asymmetry on inspection
32
Acoustic neuroma
Tumor within the ear that causes asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss
MRI preferred dx tool
33
Trigeminal neuralgia
Sudden intense lancinating electric shock pain
| Tx: carbamazepine
34
GLP-1 agonists has a black box warning for
Medullary thyroid cancer
35
Skin manifestations of hypothyroidism
Dry, coarse, pale skin; coarse hair; periorbital edema
36
Teenager with 2 month history of diffuse paresthesias and ataxic gait; loss of vibratory sense and proprioception
Abusing NO
| Changes B12 into inactive form, causing neurologic manifestations of deficiency to occur
37
WHat can occur if tetracyclines are given to children
Deformity in bone structure or discoloration of teeth
38
Sacroiliitis and a bamboo spine caused by calcification of spinal ligaments
Ankylosing spondylitis
39
What is the pathophysiologic mechanism causing paresthesias during anxiety attack
Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis, which in turn reduces ionized calcium concentration; leads to excitability of peripheral nerves causing the neurologic symptoms
40
Which hard disorder can cause hemoptysis
Mitral stenosis
41
How can you tell that dyspnea is due to pulmonary rather than cardiac cause
Pulmonary hypertension causes compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation that produces a lower sternal lift on chest palpation causing PMI at 4th intercostal space
42
Complication of biphosphanate therapy
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
43
Marked fatigue + generalized pruritus that is worse at night for 3 weeks; elevated alkaline phosphatase and serum mitochondrial antibodies present
Patient has primary biliary cirrhosis
Hyperpigmentation occurs
Primary disease of women
44
Fever, maculopapular rash, eosinophilia, azotemia with pyuria
Intersitital nephritis
Usually caused by NSAIDs, penicillins, sulfonamides, rifampin, allopurinol
Recovery takes weeks to months
45
What class of antibiotics are nephrotoxic
Aminoglycosides
46
Number needed to treat
Represents how many people must be treated with the drug to prevent one outcome
47
Dabigatran
Direct thrombin inhibitor
| Can be used for patients who have non-valvular A Fib or venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism
48
Primary mechanism by which ACEI reduces albuminuria
Dilates efferent arteriole of glomerulus
49
Which mechanism is most likely to cause atelactasis
Brochial obstruction
50
How can you dx mumps
IgM antibody titer
51
Most effective interventions available to HCP for reducing incidence and severity of leading causes of disease and disablity
Counselling interventions that address the personal health practices of clients
52
How to manage effects of scleroderma
Avoid becoming chilled, maintain good skin care, perform physical therapy. wear loose and warm clothing, stop smoking
53
Exposures to pesticides, PCBs and dioxins has been linked to
Endocrine disorders
54
What might exacerbate MS symptoms
Hot showers
55
When counseling parents about accidental poisonings in children, instruct the parents to administer
Ipecac syrup to induce vomiting
56
Diet for athlete endurance
High carbohydrate diet
| Carb loading before a competition: high carb diet first 4 days of the week followed by moderate carbs the last 3 days
57
Cheapest and easiest remedy for head lice
Mayo to scalp and hair
58
Effective interventions for someone with OA
Encourage to rest frequently, apply heat to painful joints, apply splints to affected joints, use good body mechanics, lose weight if overweight
59
What organization has jurisdiction over enforcement of ADA
Equal employment opportunity commission
60
Patient education for trigeminal neuralgia
Always wear protective sunglasses or goggles when outside, working in dusty areas, mowing the lawn; use artificial tears and a patch at night; chew on unaffected side; avoiding eating or drinking hot foods or fluids; have regular dental exams;
61
Notable signs of Vitamin C deficiency
Bleeding gums and broken capillaries
62
Best indicator of body fluid balance in elderly
Body weight due to decrease in the amount of total body water
63
Presence of what differentiates hyperthyroidism caused by Graves from hyperthyroidism caused by high dose of thyroid hormone
High radioiodine uptake
64
What is a patient at risk for when they have a congenital bicuspid aortic valve
Developing severe aortic valve stenosis or aortic valve regurgitation
Classic triad of sx of aortic stenosis: angina, dypnea, effort syncope
65
Frank starling law
States that the greater the end-diastolic volume in the left ventricle, the greater the force of ventricular contraction and stroke volume (pre-load)
66
Excessive diuresis in diastolic heart failure can cause which CV state
Decreased filling of stiff left ventricle, followed by decrease in CO and hypotension
67
Woman taking methotrexate should be counselled to do what
Take folic acid supplement
| -Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist
68
2 most common causes of microcytosis
Iron deficiency and thalassemia
69
When can you code a new patient visit for a patient who has been seen before
If not been seen >3 years
70
Preferred initial tx of tics in tourette syndrome
Dopamine receptor blockers--fluphenazine or pimozide
71
Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome should cause clinician to suspect
Hypothyroidism, acromegaly, amyloidosis, DM
72
Most common disorder responsible for developmental delays in children
FAS
73
Thymectomy is performed in
Myasthenia Gravis
| Due to dysplasia of thymus gland; recommended to have thymectomy within 2 years of dx
74
Move client's head to the left and the eyes move to the right
Doll's eyes; normal response!
| If damage to brainstem, then eyes do not move
75
Initial drug choices for OCD in children
SSRIs or clomipramine (TCA)
76
Cardiac diseases related to increased risk of stroke
Artificial cardiac valves, cardiac structural abnormalities, heart failure
77
In the depressed client, antidepressants are most effective in alleviating
Sleep and appetite disturbances
78
MMSE score
Total =30
20-25=early AD
10-19= Middle AD
<10=Late stage AD
79
Most common cause of death for patients with AD
Pneumonia
80
Research has indicated an elevated frequency of what with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
Sexual abuse
81
Classic findings of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Wacky, wobbly, wet (confusion, ataxia, urinary incontinence)
82
Marijuana tests positive in the urine for how long
30 days
83
In stroke victims, what is the body's way to try and maintain perfusion
hypertension
84
most common of the intracranial hematomas
Subdural hematoma
| Headache, drowsiness, agitation, slowed thinking, confusion
85
Presentation of epidural hematoma
Momentary loss of consciousness followed by 1-2 days of lucidity and then rapid deterioration
86
Middle aged men who suffer from migraines are more likely to have what comorbiditiy
MI
87
Encopresis
Repeated involuntary defecation into the clothing
| Rule out neurological disorder affecting the lumbosacral spinal cord
88
Effective tx of smoking cessation that does not increase risk of seizures
Verenicline
89
What should be avoided in patients with AD who have vascular risk factors
Atypical antipsychotics
90
Tx of MS
Interferon B--Decreases frequency of exacerbations
| Steroids for acute exacerbations
91
TRAP
For PD
| Tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural disturbances
92
Most common cause of cerebellar disease
Alcohol
93
Stages of anticipatory grieving
Shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
94
Most common bacteria in adult meningitis
Strep pneumoniae
95
Where is herpes simplex encephalitis commonly located
Temporal and frontal lobes
Caused by HSV-1
Presence of lymphocytes and increased protein and RBC in spinal fluid
96
When do OCD sx usually occur first
<15 years old
97
Most common sx of MS
Focal weakness, optic neuritis, focal numbness, cerebellar ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus, bowel/bladder changes
98
Most sensitive diagnostic test for identifying alcoholic client
y-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
99
Predisposing conditions for furuncolosis
DM, HIV, Injection drug use
100
Dense, black, necrotic eschar gradually forming over initial lesion
Anthrax
101
Adverse effects of prolonged or high potency topical steroids
Cutaneous atrophy, telangiectases, easy bruisability, systemic absorption (growth retardation, electrolyte disturbances, hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased infection)
102
Acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, folliculitis, candidiasis and miliaria are all classified as
Pustular lesions
103
Warts, corns, kaposi sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, scabies are classfieid as
Papular lesions
104
Herpes, varicella, herpes zoster are classified as
Vesicular lesions
105
Which guideline has a scale for malignant melanoma to show the thickness of the lesion
Breslow's guidelines
106
MOA of silvadene
Bactericidal agent that acts on the cell membrane and cell wall of susceptible bacteria and binds to cellular DNA
Effective against G+ and G-
107
Acquired disorder of childhood characterized by complete loss of pigment of the skin
Vitiligo
108
Ecthyma
Pruritic, tender, red vesicles or pustules surrounded by erythema that will eventually ulcerate
Deeper version of impetigo
109
Acrochordon
Skin tag--benign tumor that forms where skin creases form (neck and armpit)
110
Differential of scarring alopecia
Bacterial infection of the scalp
111
Connection between the surface of the skin and underlying structure
Sinus
112
Depressed lesion in which the epidermis and part of the dermis have been lost
Ulcer
113
Moist, red, shiny, circumscribed lesion that lacks upper layer of skin
Erosion
114
Circumscribed collection of pus that involves the deeper layers of the skin
Abscess
115
Loss of all hair on all parts of the body
Alopecia universalis
116
Loss of all hair on the entire scalp
Alopecia totalis
117
The 5 p's --purple, polygonal, planar, pruritic, papules--are present in
lichen planus
118
The majority of malignant melanomas are
Superficially spreading
119
Dark field examination is used to diagnose
Syphilis cutaneously
120
Who can use DEET
Everyone 2 months and older, including pregnant women
121
Herald patch (single, oval shaped scaly plaque from 2-5m on the patient's chest) that progresses into numerous smaller lesions
Pityriasis rosea
122
Guttate psoriasis
Multiple small lesions on the trunk with a thick scale; presents 2-3 weeks after associated streptococcal infection
123
Cauliflower like wart on the anogenital region
Condyloma acuminata
| Due to HPV
124
Who is acyclovir recommended for in tx varicella
Anyone >2 years old
| For children <2, cool baths and calamine lotion can be used
125
Pastia lines
Present in scarlet fever
126
Anogenital pruritus is typically due to
Constipation
127
Vitamin A deficiency results in
thickened skin that is dry or rough
128
Stork's beak mark
Usually occurs on the nap of the neck and blanches with pressure
129
Port wine stain
Deep red to purple, does not blanch on pressure and does not fade with age
130
Orf skin ulcer
Results from parapoxvirus infection, which causes a common skin disease of sheep and goats
131
Fingerlike flesh colored projections emanating from a narrow or broad base
Filiform/digitate warts
132
Dry, itchy skin in older adults results from
Reduction of sweat and oil glands
