continuation to intro | lymphocytes Flashcards by Vince Patangan

t helper cells

secretes IL 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13
extraxcellular parasites & allergens

TH 2 and TH 9

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cytotoxic LGLs
do not consistently express markers for B and T lymphocytes
lyses virally infected cells and tumor cells
has surface markers: CD 16, CD 56

NK cells

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8-10um
high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
lacks cytoplasmic granules

small lymphocytes

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activity against tumor cells
kill target cells
governed by cytokines

natural killer cell

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rearrangement of b-cell receptor genes
CD 19, CD 45R
formation of ImG 7 epitope specificity

pro-B cell/ progenitor

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CD markers for cytotoxic/suppressor activity

CD 2
CD 3
CD 8

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result of antigenic stimulation and transformation of activated B cells
distinguished by presence of abundant cytoplasmic immuniglobulins, which is excreted into the bloodstream

plasma cell

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process of destroying antibody-coated target cells by NK cells, MONO, MACRO, and NEUT

ADCC (antibody dependent cell-mediated cytolysis)

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(passive antibody): artificial

mode of acquisition:
Ab produced by host:
immediate response:
duration of immune response:

plasma/serum infusion
no
yes
short

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largest secondary lymphoid organ that is specialized for filtering blood

spleen

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small lymphocytes are further divided into two major classes: (?) (?)

T and B lymphocytes

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t helper cells

secretes IFN-y, IL-2, and TNF-a
effective against intracellular pathogens

TH 1

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it recognizes foreign antigens

lymphocytes

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site of B cell development & maturation

bone marrow

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the term when T helpers multiplies

clonal expansion

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T cells who can’t recognize the cell will undergo (?)

apoptosis

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normal ratio of CD 4 and CD 8 cells

2:1

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lymph node

(?) exhibit a large number of receptors for antibodies and help capture antigens to present to T & B cells

follicular dendritic cells

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two categories of lymphocytes (size)

small lynphocytes
large granular lynphocytes (LGL)

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t helper cells

secretes IL-17 and 22
recruits granulocytes against extracellular bacterial infection

TH 17

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T lymphocytes

cytolysis of virally infected cells & tumor targets
production of lymphokine

effector functions

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early thymocytes lack CD 4 nad CD 8 markers
rearrangement of the genes coding for the TCR
generation of a functional TCR

double negative thymocytes

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t regulatory cell

acts as a receptor for IL-2

CD 25

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responds to antigens presented by other cells (major histocompatibility complex)
recognize present antigen of an antigen-presenting cell

T helper cells

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# T lymphocytes ability to amplify/suppress other effector lymphocytes (including T & B cells)

regulatory functions

# double negative thymocytes in TCR rearrangement, there is an (?) and (?) chains, that is responsible for (?)

- alpha - beta - antigen recognition

# identify T helper cells subpopulation

- CD 4 - TH 1 - TH 2 - TH 9 - TH 17 - Tfh

# identify (passive antibody): natural mode of acquisition: Ab produced by host: immediate response: duration of immune response:

- in vivo transfer - no - yes - short

# identify chemical messenger produced by stimulated cells that affects the function/activity of other cells

cytokine

# identify CD markers of T cells

- CD 2 - CD 3 - CD 4 - CD 8

# identify receptor for MHC class II

CD 4

# identify produce all cells of the blood, including lymphocytes

bone marrow

# identify largest major organ for antibody synthesis

spleen

# identify it is bilobed and located in the anterior mediastinum (thorax)

thymus

# identify ()% of circulating nucleated cells are lymphocytes, and most of them are (?)

- 20-30 - long lived

# identify helper inducer activity of T-cells is associated with what CD markers:

- CD 2 - CD 3 - CD 4

# identify maturation period of T cells

3 weeks

# NK cells development by: stimulated by: half-life:

- IL-15 - IL-12, INF y & beta - 7-10 days

no need for an antigen to develop

antigen-independent phase - pro b cell - pre b cell - immature b cell - mature b cell

# identify - CD 4 positive - binds to MHC class II - release cytokines

t helper cells

# identify 2 types of immune sera

- antitoxins - antibacterial & antiviral

# identify biggest primary lymphoid organ

bone marrow

# t cytotoxic cells pore-forming proteins that polymerize in the presence of Ca²⁺

perforins

# identify 3 types of cell-mediated immunity

- natural killer cells - T helper cells - cytotoxic T lymphocytes

# identify - CD 8 positive - kills tumor cells and virally infected cells by binding to MHC class I - releases cytotoxic granules (perforins & granzymes)

T cytotoxic cells

# identify T lymphocytes are associated with 2 immunologic functions: (?) (?)

- effector functions - regulatory functions

# t helper cells - remains in the lymph nodes and interacts with B cells and plasma cells there - provides essential signaling to B cells as they undergo processes

Tfh

# spleen - composed mostly of lymphocyte - where most immunological cells reside

white pulp

# identify surface markers that identifies a particular cell line/stage of cellular differentiation with a defined structure

cluster of differentiation (CD)

# identify important protection against intracellular pathogens

cell-mediated immunity

# spleen - immune functions - pitting - culling

red pulp

# identify - represents approx. 80% of the circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood - located in PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath)

T lymphocytes

# identify - thymocytes express both CD 4 and CD 8 antigens - "positive selection"

double positive thymocytes

# identify central collecting points for lymph fluid

lymph node

# identify receptor for MHC class I

CD 8

# identify main source of HSCs (hematopoietic stem cells)

bone marrow

# double positive thymocytes in TCR alpha chain, it consists of (?), (?) regions on (?)

- V - J - chromosome 14

# identify (active antigen): artificial mode of acquisition: Ab produced by host: immediate response: duration of immune response:

- vaccination - yes - no - long

- rearrangement of genes coding light chains (Kappa & Lambda) - CD 20, CD19, CD 22

pre-B cell/ Precursor

# t regulatory cell suppresses activity of other T cells

FOXP3

needs an antigen to develop

antigen-dependent phase - plasma cell - memory cell

# identify - reaches maximal size at puberty - it atrophies and replaced by fatty tissue

thymus

end product of: - T cells: - B cells:

- cytokines - antibody

# identify - CD 4 & CD 25 positive - differentiation is stimulated by TGF-β (includes expression of FOXP3 protein) - suppress immune response and prevents autoimmunity - comprises approx. 5-10% of all CD 4 T cells - important role in suppressing the immune response to self-antigens

T regulatory cell (suppressor)

# identify - 16um - smaller n/c ratio - has cytoplasmic granules

large granular lymphocytes (LGL)

# identify develops from the third and fourth pairs of embryonal pharyngeal pouches

thymus

# identify main function is to destroy virus infected cell

cytotoxic T lymphocytes

# identify located in the upper left quadrant beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach

spleen

# identify (active antigen) : natural mode of acquisition: Ab produced by host: immediate response: duration of immune response:

- infection - yes - no - long

# identify it is a trapping site, standby area for T&B cells, and place of encounter of antigens

secondary lymphoid organs

# t cytotoxic cells activates nuclease that targets DNA and also disrupts the cell's mitochondria

granzymes

# identify produced in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow & thymus)

lymphocytes

# identify T lymphocytes end products of activation

cytokines

# identify part of T cell antigen receptor complex

CD 3

# identify in HIV infection, ratio of CD 4, CD 8 cells

0.5:1

# identify - sheep blood cell receptor - classical T cell surface marker

CD 2

# identify early precursor of T cell

thymus cortex

# identify consists of RED & WHITE pulp

spleen

# identify maturation site for T cells

thymus / medulla

# double negative thymocytes in TCR beta chain, it consists of (?), (?), (?) regions on (?)

- V - D - J - chromosome 7