intro to immunology Flashcards
1
Q
research
yellow fever vaccine
A
max theiler
2
Q
identify
- capable of destroying tissue invading helminthes
- regulates inflammation
- regulate mast cell function & cytokine production
- capable of phagocytosis
- dark-purple nucleus
- pink-blue cytoplasm
- reddish-orange granules
A
eosinophils
3
Q
tissue macrophages
spleen - (?)
A
littoral cell / splenic macrophage
4
Q
identify
- phagocytize antigen and present it to T-helper cells
- covered w/ long membranous extensions
- most potent phagocytic cell & antigen presenting cell
A
dendritic cell
5
Q
identify
- must meet or primed by an initial exposure to a specific antigen
- has slow reaction
- it recognizes particular pathogen
- need prior exposure
- can remember on how they kill microorganism
A
adaptive immunity
6
Q
tissue macrophages
kidney - (?)
A
mesangial macrophage
7
Q
identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense
- skin
- mucous membrane
- skin secretions
A
1st line
8
Q
research
antihistamine research
A
daniel bovet
9
Q
host immunity
- immune system responds to an altered organism / non-infectious organism
- immunity acquired by injection of synthetic or biological prapartaions such as vaccine
A
artificial active
10
Q
identify
- no action involved
- the body or person merely receives antibodies
A
passive immunity
11
Q
identify
he showed quantitative measurement of immune reaction
A
paul ehrlich
12
Q
research
immunoregulation, monoclonal antibody
A
jerne, koehler, milstein
13
Q
research
structure of antibodies
A
gerald edelman, rodney porter
14
Q
identify
3 groups of PRRs
A
- secreted PRRs
- phagocytosis receptors
- toll like receptors
15
Q
identify
an immunity that is given by non-cellular substances (antibody)
A
humoral immunity
16
Q
identify
- 1st to migrate
- short-lived
A
neutrophils
17
Q
identify
- amplify reactions that start w/ the mast cell at the site of entry of antigen
- granules contain heparin and histamine
- dark-blue to blue granules
A
basophil
18
Q
identify
substances produces in response to antigenic stimulation that is capable of specific interaction w/ provoking antigen
A
antibody
19
Q
identify
- can degranulate when membrane-bound IgE binds an allergen
- binds to IgE in hypersensitivity reaction and non-phagocytic
- acts as gatekeepers
- round, dark-purple nucleus
- dark-blue cytoplasm
- 9-18 mos life span
A
mast cells
20
Q
research
serum antitoxins
A
emil von behring
21
Q
identify
increases blood flow and brings phagocytes and other WBCs to the area (redness and heat)
A
vassodilation
22
Q
identify
allowing fibrinogen and complement to enter the tissue from the blood (swelling and pain)
A
increased vascular permeability
23
Q
identify
loosely binds circulating leukocytes & cause them to roll along the vascular wall
A
selectins
24
Q
chemotaxis
- excreted by leukocytes
- influenced by opsinins
A
postive chemotaxis
25
# identify
he awarded as the 1st immunology-related nobel prize for his works on serum therapy
emil von behring
26
# tissue macrophages
placenta - (?)
hoff bauer cell
27
# identify
exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent
cross immunity
28
# research
phagocytosis
elie metchnikoff
29
# tissue macrophages
CNS tissue - (?)
microglial cells
30
# identify
* antibody mediated
* B lymphocyte
* acts against extracellular pathogen
* antibody-dependent cell mediated cytolysis (ADCC)
humoral
31
# identify
function as host defense peptides
defensin
32
# tissue macrophages
lungs - (?)
alveolar macrophage / dust cell
33
# v
skin - (?)
langerhans cell
34
# tissue macrophages
connective tissues
histiocytes
35
# identify
* 2nd to migrate
* long-lived
monocytes / macrophages
36
# identify
are membrane spanning glycoproteins that share a common structural element called leucin rich repeats (LRRs)
toll like receptors
37
# research
anaphylaxis
charles ricket
38
# identify
* lipoprotein
* peptidoglycan in gram (+) bacteris
* gram (-) lipopolysaccharide
* flagellin (bacterial)
* mycoplasma
TLRs that are found on (?)
cell surfaces
39
# identify
clears segments of bacterial cell wall w/o the benefit of O2
protease & defensins
40
# identify
father of modern microbiology
louis pasteur
41
# identify
ability to remember previous substances
memory
42
# identify
its major function is to recognize "self" from "nonself"
immune system
43
# research
transplantation
edward donnall thomas, joseph murray
44
# identify
functions as opsonins
fibronectin
45
# research
major histocompatibility complex
snell, dausset, bernacerrat
46
# identify
they intiated interest in transplantation
medawar, et al
47
# identify
away from stimulating substances
negative chemotaxis
48
# phagocytosis
* active ameboid motion
* phagosome (final structure)
* bacteria must be hydrophobic
engulfment
49
# passive immunity
* immune product from another animal injected into the host
* immunity acquired by injection of immuno sera or antitoxin
artificial passive
50
# identify
includes ciliated epithelial cells, bactericidal substances in mucosal secretions, complement split products activated by the alternative pathway that serve both as opsonins and chemotactic factors, and phagocytic cells
nonspecific host defenses
51
# identify
showed that diseases of skin, heart, joints, blood vessels, and kidney as well as fever could be caused by the body's immunologic reaction to foreign protein
von pirquet and schick
52
# identify
attacks self antigens
autoimmunity
53
# identify
* its already there even w/o prior exposure
* already present at birth
* has fast reaction
* no need prior exposure
* they have no memory on how they kill microorganisms
innate immunity
54
# identify
they showed immunologic basis of protein of certain kinds of allergy
praustnitz and kustner
55
# research
radioimmunoassay
rosalyn yalow
56
# passive immunity
* immunity resulting from the utero transfer to the fetus of antibodies formed earlier in the mother
natural passive
57
# identify
an immunity that involves cells
cellular immunity
58
# identify
he discovered hypogammaglobulinemia
bruton
59
# research
cellular immunity in TB
robert koch
60
# identify
discovered the effect of attenuation
louis pasteur
61
# identify
inhibits growth of gram (+) bacteria in semen
spermin
62
# identify
inhibits the multiplication of gram (+) bacteria
betalysin
63
# research
complement
jules bordet
64
# identify
adaptive immunity is divided into 2 parts (?) (?)
* antibody-mediated immunity
* cell-mediated immunity
65
# host immunity
* host is exposed to foreign immunogen
* convalescent immunity that occurs when aperson recovers from an infection
natural active
66
# identify
ability to resist damage from foreign substances
immunity
67
# identify
all proteins are produced in the liver except (?) because they are produced in the bone marrow
immunoglobulins
68
# research
immunologic tolerance
macfarlane burnet & peter medawar
69
# identify
receptors used by mycrophage, dendritic cells and also by other immune cells to distinguish pathogens from normally present molecules in the body
pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
70
# tissue macrophages
bones - (?)
osteoclasts
71
# identify
demonstrated injection of killed microbes to provide protection
louis pasteur
72
# identify
* antiserum and immune globulin preparation
* contain antibodies that combine w/ antigenic sites on the infectious organism or toxin. resulting in anti-invasive, neutralizing, or antitoxic activity
immune sera
73
# tissue macrophages
liver - (?)
kupffer cells
74
# identify
within one animal specie, they may be marked racial and genetic differences in suscpetibility
racial immunity
75
# identify
they showed anaphylaxis
ricket and portier
76
# identify
study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems, responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign/non-self-material
immunology
77
# tissue macrophages
lymph node - (?)
dendritic cell
78
# identify
* phagocytize & destruction of foreign material & microorganisms
* can undergo diapedes
* dark-purple nucleus
* light-pink cytoplasm
* 6-8 hr half life
neutrophils
79
# identify
he developed prontosils (antibacterial agent for Streptococcus)
gerhard domagks
80
# identify
a process in which cells tend to move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemical substances
chemotaxis
81
# identify
* aka "large granular lymphocytes"
* 1st line of defense against tumor cell & viruses
* kill tragets cells w/o prior exposure to them
* 7-10 days half life
natural killer cell
82
# research
human immunodeficiency virus
francoise barre-sinoussi, luc montaignier
83
# identify
5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation
* rubor (redness)
* calor (heat)
* dolor (pain)
* tumor (swelling)
* functio laesa (loss of function)
84
# phagocytosis
a vacuole formed w/i a phagocytic cell as pseudopodia surround a particle during the process of phagocytosis
phagosome formation
85
# phagocytosis
physical conytact between the phagocytuc cell and the microorganism occurs aided by opsinins
adherence
86
# identify
practice of inhaling powder made from (?) in order to produce protection
small pox scabs
87
# identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense
* lymphocytes
* antibodies
* memory cells
3rd line
88
# identify
2 main types of immunity
* innate immunity
* adaptive immunity
89
# identify
a russian scientist whi discovered phagocytosis
elie metchnikoff
90
# identify
* largest
* stays in the blood for 30 hrs
* fine, non-specific ground glass appearance w/ vacuoles
* deeply indented light-purple nucleus
* dull, gray-blue cytoplasm
monocyte
91
# identify
antigen suspension from a pathogen, administered to stimulate immune response against an infectious disease
vaccine
92
# identify
enable the leucocytes to crawl between endothelial cells
integrins
93
# identify
showed that acquired immunity resulted from both humural and cellular elements and described opsonization
white and douglas
94
# identify
* endosomal dsRNA
* viral SSRNA
* bacterial, viral DNA, dsDNA
TLRs that are found on (?)
endosomal compartments
95
# identify
process of producing non-pathogenic bacteria for use in vaccine
attenuation
96
# identify
he observed that opsonins acted to coat bacteria so that they became more susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells
almroth wright
97
# v
antibody diversity
susumu tonegawa
98
# identify
* cell mediated (cytokines)
* T lymphocyte
* acts against intracellular pathogen
* elimination of tumor cell, graft rejection
* hypersensitivoty reaction
cellular
99
# identify
he showed measurment of antigens and antibodies through precipitin analysis
heidelberger
100
# identify
given pathogenic microorganism which is capable of producing disease in one animal species but not in another
specie immunity
101
# identify
differences are evident due to the presence of natural antibodies against certain microorganism
individual immunity
102
# identify
vaccination comes from (?) which means cow
vacca
103
# identify
* action is involved
* the body forms the antibodies
* the person produces his own antibodies
active immunity
104
# identify
an english country doctor who demonstrated the transfer of postural material from a cowpox lesion
edward jenner
105
# research
human blood group antigens
karl landsteiner
106
# identify whether is it 1st, 2nd or 3rd line of defense
* phagocytic leukocytes
* antimicrobial protein
* inflammatory response
* fever
2nd line
107
# v
* substance w/ the ability to combine with an antibody
* substance that stimulate adaptive immune response
antigen
108
# identify
a practice of introducing/injecting "crusts" from small pox into the skin
variolation
109
# identify
father of immunology
louis pasteur
110
# identify
they showed immunoelectrophoresis
grabar and williams
111
# identify
he discovered penicillin
alexander fleming
112
# identify
ability to recognize a particular substance
specificity
113
# research
organ grafting
alexis carrell
