Contraception

Question 1

what do fertility awareness methods of contraception consider

Answer 1

• menstrual changes
• life of egg/sperm
• maximum fertility during 5 days preceding ovulation

Question 2

what are pros of fertility awareness methods of contraception?

Answer 2

free, safe, accepted in religions and cultures, increased awareness, no artificial

Question 3

what are concerns of fertility awareness methods of contraception

Answer 3

must have regular cycles, may interfere with spontaneity, must keep records, comfort with body, not as reliable

Question 4

the calendar rhythm method assumes ovulation is between day ___ and ___ of cycle?

Answer 4

12-16

Question 5

describe calendar rhythm method

Answer 5

• record menstrual cycles for 6 months
• fertile days are 18 days before end of shortest cycle adn 11 days from end of longest cycle
• least reliable

Question 6

what fertility awareness method of contraception detects temp changes r/t ovulation in women w/ reg menstrual cycles

Answer 6

basal body temperature

Question 7

how to do basal body temp

Answer 7

• take oral temp every morning
• after 3 or 4 months, may be able to predict ovulation
• chances of contraception are greater on the day of the temp spike and following 3 days

Question 8

what fertility awareness method of contraception identifies cervical mucus changes related to ovulation in women with regular cycles

Answer 8

cervical mucus method

Question 9

describe cervical mucus method

Answer 9

• prior to ovulation, mucus is thick, white, and creamy (hostile mucus)
• during ovulation, cervical mucus is watery and stretchable “egg white”

Question 10

what is the stretchable mucus called?

Answer 10

spinbarkheit

Question 11

when is fertility high according to cervical mucus method

Answer 11

from the day mucus begins to change until 4 days following ovulation

Question 12

what is the symptothermal fertility awareness method

Answer 12

combo of
* cycle length
* BBT
* cervical mucus
* symptoms of ovulation (bloat/pain)
* most effective FAM

Question 13

what is not engaging in sexual intercourse

Answer 13

abstinence

Question 14

what is the withdraw method

Answer 14

coitus interruptus “pulling out”
requires self control
preejaculatory fluid may contain sperm

Question 15

is douching effective?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what is the formal name for spermicide, what does it do, how is it used?

Answer 16

nonoxynol-9
destroys sperm through disturbance in cell membrane
inserted into vagina (also combined with barrier)

Question 17

pros and cons of spermicide

Answer 17

• pro= availability, no systemic side effects
• con= fairly ineffective when used alone, not effective against STI

Question 18

what lodges high in the vagina and covers the cervix, often used with spermicide

Answer 18

diaphragm

Question 19

how long can a diaphragm be worn, and how long should it be left in after intercourse

Answer 19

• worn for 24 hours
• leave in for 6-8 following intercourse
• watch for TSS!

Question 20

what should be avoided while using a diaphragm

Answer 20

oil based lubricants

Question 21

what is a cervical cap

Answer 21

another barrier that covers the cervix, small cap

Question 22

what makes up a female condom adn how long can it be in before intercourse

Answer 22

• polyurethane ring at each end
• may be placed 8 hours prior to intercourse

Question 23

pros and cons to female condoms

Answer 23

• pro= noninvasive, easy to obtain, used only during sex, STI protection
• con= cost, cumbersome

Question 24

pros/cons of male condoms

Answer 24

• pro= noninvasive, used only wehn engaging in sex, provide STD protection
• con= misuse, breakage

Question 25

what is a vaginal sponge, how long can it be worn, and how long should it be left after

Answer 25

* sponge containing spermicide that fits over cervix * may be worn 24 hours * should be left in place for 6 hours after intercourse

Question 26

what are the 2 IUDs

Answer 26

copper IUD, Mirena

Question 27

what are the advantages and risks of IUD

Answer 27

* pro= highly effective, non-coitus related contraception (sex, STD) * con= cramping after initial placement, inc. bleeding, uterine rupture

Question 28

what are "the pills" composed of?

Answer 28

estrogen-progestin

Question 29

how do antibiotics effect effectiveness of the pill

Answer 29

decrease

Question 30

pro/con of combo oral contraceptive "the pill"

Answer 30

* pro= safe, effective, reversible * con= contraindicated in pregnancy, thrombophlebitis/clotting, liver disease, heavy smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia

Question 31

what are pro/con of progestin only pill (minipill)

Answer 31

* pro= often used by breastfeeding or contraindication to estrogen in COCs * con= slightly less effective than COC, irregular bleeding, must be taken consistently

Question 32

what is an injectible contraceptive that works to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus

Answer 32

long-acting progestin contraceptives (depo provera)

Question 33

pro/con of long-acting contra. (depo provera)

Answer 33

* pro= BC for 3 months, safe, reversible * con= irregular bleeding, weight gain, hair loss, bone demineralization

Question 34

what is a capsule implanted in upper underarm that works to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus

Answer 34

long-acting progestin contra. (implanon)

Question 35

pro/con of implanon (long-act progestin contraceptive)

Answer 35

* pro=effective, continuous contraception for 3 years * con= irregular bleeding, weight gain, hair loss, HA, mood swings

Question 36

describe transdermal hormonal contraception?

Answer 36

* combined hormonal cont. * patch applied for 3 weeks * effective like oral cont.

Question 37

describe vaginal contraceptive ring

Answer 37

* low dose, sustained release, combined hormonal contraceptive * placed in vag and left for 3 weeks

Question 38

describe effectiveness/obtainment of plan b vs. ella

Answer 38

* plan b= effective within 72 hours of sex, obtained OTC * ella= effective within 120 hours of sex, must have Rx

Question 39

what is tubal ligation, and how effective is it

Answer 39

female tube tied, clipped, or electrocoagulated effective half the time

Question 40

what is severed in male sterilization (vasectomy)

Answer 40

vas deferens

Question 41

how often is sperm count collected after vasectomy, and how many ejaculations does it take to clear sperm?

Answer 41

* sperm count at 6 & 12 months * takes 6-36 ejaculations to clear sperm

Question 42

what are side effects of vasectomy

Answer 42

* pain * infection * hematoma * sperm granuloma * spontaneous reanastomosis

Question 43

how effective is a vasectomy reversal?

Answer 43

40-80%