Infection Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
what are symptoms of vaginitis?
A
- discharge
- foul odor
- irritation
- itching
- dyspareunia (pain intercourse)
2
Q
what are the 2 kinds of vaginitis
A
bacterial vaginosis
vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast)
3
Q
viral infection r/t change in vaginal flora, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and rise in pH (>4.5)
A
bacterial vaginosis
4
Q
is bacterial vaginosis a STI?
A
no
5
Q
s/sx of bacterial vaginosis
A
- vaginal discharge
- foul odor
- presence of “clue cells”
6
Q
what is the med treatment of bacterial vaginosis
A
- flagyl (risky during pregnancy)
- clindamycin
7
Q
what are pregnancy concerns with bacterial vaginosis
A
- can be related to lack of vit. D, inc. fat, folate, vit. A, and calcium
- its associated with preterm labor and birth
8
Q
what is candidiasis (vag)
A
yeast/fungal infection
9
Q
s/sx of vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast)
A
- itch
- red rash
- “cheese” like discharge
10
Q
med treatment of vulvovag candidiasis (yeast)
A
- diflucan (PO)
- topical antifungal (nystatin)
11
Q
pregnancy concerns of vulvovag candidiasis (yeast)
A
- may cause newborn thrush
- treat only topically in preg
12
Q
s/sx of trichomonas (STI)
A
- asymptomatic
- frothy discharge
- foul odor
- itch
- “strawberry spots” on cervix
13
Q
tx of trichomonas
A
- flagyl
- abstinence until both are cured
14
Q
s/sx of chlamydia
A
- asymp in female
- itch/burn
- discharge
- dull pain
- bleeding between periods
- cervical inflammation
15
Q
how to diagnose chlamydia
A
culture
16
Q
which part is commonly infected in chlamydia
A
cervix
17
Q
what can chlamydia cause?
A
pelvic inflamm. disease (PID)
infertility
18
Q
med tx of chlamydia?
A
- azithromycin
- doxycycline
- abstinence until cured
19
Q
preganancy concerns of chlamydia?
A
- newborn infection
- greater risk for tubal pregnancy (ectopic)
20
Q
s/sx of gonorrhea?
A
- asymp. until further complications
- purulent drainage
- urinary frequency
- swelling
- pelvic pain
- eroded cervix
21
Q
dx. of gonorrhea
A
culture
22
Q
med tx. of gonorrhea?
A
- ceftriaxin
- azithromycin
- abstinence
23
Q
preg concerns of gonorrhea
A
newborn infection (erythromycin)
24
Q
which STI is a recurring lifelong infection?
A
herpes genitalis
25
s/sx of herpes genitalis
* vescicles may be present in the vag/peri area
* pain
* infmallation
* flu like symptoms
26
when is herpes genitalis most severe
first outbreak
27
what can herpes reoccurences come from?
* stress
* menstrual
* immune compromise
28
med tx. of herpes genitalis
acyclovir (safe for preg!)
29
preg concerns for herpes genitalis
baby infected
30
what happens if someone about to give birth has active herpes genitalis
c/s!!!
31
where does herpes genitalis reside?
nerve ganglia
32
what problems can herpes cause in a newborn?
* neonatal death
* neuro probs
* blindness
33
what are primary symptoms of syphilis?
* fever
* weight loss
* malaise
34
secondary symptoms of syphilis
* skin condylomata lata (plaque like)
* arthritis
* inflammation of liver and spleen
* hoarseness
* rash
35
what life altering symptoms can syphilis cause?
* blindness
* psychological probs
* death
36
how is syphilis acquired?
* sexual contact
* contact with exudate
* transplacentally
37
med tx of syphilis
* benzathine
* penicillin G
38
s/sx of human papilloma virus (HPV)/Condylomata
* asymptomatic
* genital warts
* cervical dysplasia (changes in cells)
39
what is HPV connected to?
cervical cancer
40
casues of HPV
60 genotypes r/t HPV
41
how is HPV transmitted
sexual contact
42
treatment of HPV
* podophyllin (teratogenic)
* surgical removal
43
vaccines for HPV
* gardasil (strands 6,11,16,18)
* cervarix
44
who is gardasil given to, when, and why
9-26 year olds
HPV
boys/girls
45
what is cervavix for and what is important to remember?
HPV, not effective against all strands
46
what is a lethal, lifelong virus caused by HIV
AIDS
47
what are common HIV transmission methods
* sex
* needles
* fetus
* blood
48
s/sx of HIV/AIDS
wasting syndrome
candidiasis
HSV (herpes)
49
what is screening for HIV/AIDS
ELISA test
50
tx for HIV/AIDS
antiretroviral therapy
51
pregnancy implications of HIV/AIDS
* elective c/s BEFORE ROM
* avoid breastfeeding
* newborn antiviral therapy
52
what is the prognosis of newborn/childhood HIV
poor
immunosuppression, failure to thrive, neuro probs
53
prevention of HIV/AIDS
* sex ed, condom use, abstinence
* clean needle use
* test blood products
* treatment of newborn HIV+ mothers
54
when is a perinatal infection most harmful
first trimester
55
what can perinatal infections cause later in pregnancy?
* growth restriction
* hydrops
* neuro probs
56
what are viral and parasitic perintal agents?
* toxoplasmosis
* rubella
* cytomegalovirus
* GBS
* parovirus B19
57
what is the acronym for perinatal infections
TORCH
58
TORCH meaning
| (perinatal infections)
* toxoplasmosis
* other infections (GBS/parovirus B19)
* rubella
* cytomegalovirus
* herpes simplex
59
transmission of toxoplasmosis
* ingested undercooked meat
* contact with infected cat litter
60
how can toxoplasmosis affect developing fetus
* spontaneous abortion/death (1st trimester)
* convusions/coma
* microcephaly/hydrocephalus (fluid)
* growth restriction
61
tx of toxoplasmosis
spiramycin
62
transmission of rubella
maternal/fetal
63
what defects is baby at risk for in 1st trimester with rubella?
* cataracts
* deafness
* heart defects
* mental retardation
* cerebral palsy
64
tx/prevention of rubella
MMR vaccine
65
trabsmission of cytomegalovirus
may cross placenta or through exposure during delivery
66
what is the most common intrauterine infection
cytomegalovirus
67
fetal/newborn complciations of cytomegalovirus
* death
* mental retardation
* hearing problems
* microcephalt/hydrocephaly
* hemolysis
68
treatment of cytomegalovirus
none :/
69
what infection is bacteria found as part of the normal flora in some women?
group b strep (GBS)
70
transmission of GBS
delivery (if not treated)
71
tx of GBS
* PCN or ampicillin during labor
* if unable to treat, neonate will be treated
72
maternal concerns of GBS
infection (chorioamnionitis, endometritis)
73
newborn concerns of GBS
* infection
* still birth/death
74
what infection causes fifth disease in children?
parovirus B19
75
which infection is associated with red rash or "slapped cheek" rash
parovirus B19
76
maternal/newborn concerns of parovirus B19
* spontaneous abortion / stillbirth / neonate death
* fetal anemia
* hydrops (fluid)
