control and communication

Question 1

what is a sensory neurone?

Answer 1

first neuron in a pathway that recieves a stimulus from a receptor

Question 2

what does the CNS consist of?

Answer 2

consists of brain and spinal chord

Question 3

what is the medulla?

Answer 3

the part of the brain which controls the heart rate and breathing rate

Question 4

what does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 4

consists of central nervous system and other nerves

Question 5

what is the cerebrum?

Answer 5

it is the part of the brain which controls conscious thought, reasoning and imagination

Question 6

what is a neurone?

Answer 6

the cell of the nervous system and other nerves

Question 7

what is the cerebellum?

Answer 7

the part of the brain which controls balance and coordination

Question 8

what is the inter neurone?

Answer 8

it is the second neurone in a pathway that transmits a message from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone

Question 9

what is an effector?

Answer 9

a muscle or gland that recieves the message from a motor neurone enabling it to respond

Question 10

what is the reflex arc?

Answer 10

the arrangement of the three types of neurone

Question 11

what is the motor neurone?

Answer 11

it is the last neurone in a nerve pathway that enables a response to be made by an effector

Question 12

what is a receptor?

Answer 12

it is a sense organ that detects a stimulus and passes it on to the sensory neurone

Question 13

what is a synapse?

Answer 13

a tiny space between two neurones over which a chemical is released to carry on the nerve impulse from one neurone to the next

Question 14

what is the liver?

Answer 14

it is a gland which releases glucose from glycogen breakdown if glucagon is present, it stores glucose as glycogen is insulin if present

Question 15

what is a hormone?

Answer 15

it is a type of protein chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland that travels through the bloodstream to cause a response elsewhere in the body

Question 16

what is insulin?

Answer 16

a hormone produced by the pancreas when glucose is high

Question 17

what is an endocrine gland?

Answer 17

a gland that produces and releases hormones

Question 18

what is a complementary receptor?

Answer 18

it is a protein molecule on the surface of target cells that binds specifically to a hormone to carry out a specific response

Question 19

what is glucagon?

Answer 19

it is a hormone produced by the pancreas when glucose is low, it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 20

what is glycogen?

Answer 20

it is the storage carbohydrate produced in the liver from glucose

Question 21

what is the target cell/tissue?

Answer 21

it is the cell which a hormone will bind to by a specific receptor to carry out its action

Question 22

what is the pancreas?

Answer 22

it is the endocrine gland which releases insulin and glucagon

Question 23

what is the central nervous system responsible for?

Answer 23

sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body

Question 24

what does the nervous system monitor, and what does it respond to?

Answer 24

it monitors internal organ functions and responds to changes in the external environment

Question 25

what can the nervous system be split into?

Answer 25

-the central nervous system -other nerves

Question 26

what do electrical impulses move along, and why?

Answer 26

they move along specific neurons to pass messages to the CNS from all over the body

Question 27

what does the CNS do?

Answer 27

it sorts out the information sent by electrical impulses to muscles and glands which can make an appropriate response. this is a short lived response

Question 28

what is the flowchart from electrical impulses to the response?

Answer 28

stimulus -> receptor ->sensory neuron -> inter neurone -> motor neurone -> effector -> response

Question 29

what are stimulus?

Answer 29

they are your 5 senses, seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting

Question 30

what is the place where 2 neurons meet called?

Answer 30

a synapse

Question 31

what happens when an electrical impulse arrives at the end of one neuron?

Answer 31

it causes the release of chemicals

Question 32

what do the chemicals released by electrical impulses do?

Answer 32

they diffuse across the synapse and bind with receptors on the next neuron, triggering another impulse

Question 33

what does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 33

it passes information from a receptor to the CNS

Question 34

what does the inter neuron do?

Answer 34

it operates within the CNS to transfer impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

Question 35

what do motor neurons do?

Answer 35

they carry impulses from CNS/inter neuron to the effector (muscle or gland)

Question 36

what does rapid reflex action provide?

Answer 36

it provides protection against possible harmful stimuli

Question 37

what is a motor neuron connected to?

Answer 37

an effector

Question 38

what is released by endocrine glands?

Answer 38

hormones which are chemical messangers

Question 39

what do endocrine glands bring about?

Answer 39

changes in the body

Question 40

what does a hormone bind to, and what does this cause?

Answer 40

a specific receptor on the cells surface and causes changes to occur inside the cell

Question 41

can the changes caused by hormones have long lasting effects?

Answer 41

YES!!!!

Question 42

what are some of the long lasting effects of hormones changes?

Answer 42

menstrual control by the hormones oestrogen and progesterone

Question 43

what are nerve messages?

Answer 43

they are electrical messages which travel very fast in the nerves

Question 44

what are hormone messages?

Answer 44

they are chemical messages which travel very slow in the blood

Question 45

what makes blood glucose levels increase?

Answer 45

a meal

Question 46

what makes blood glucose levels decrease?

Answer 46

exercise or fasting

Question 47

what happens when insulin is released by the pancreas?

Answer 47

glucose is taken in by cells and converted to glycogen for storage in the liver

Question 48

what happens when glucagon is release by the pancreas?

Answer 48

glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver