Unit 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What does a cell wall do?

Answer 1

Provides support to the cells and is made up of cellulose

Question 2

What does a mitochondria do?

Answer 2

It gives all cells energy, from aerobic respiration.

Question 3

What do Chloroplasts do?

Answer 3

They contain chlorophyll which traps light energy from the sun, and they are the main site of photosynthesis

Question 4

What does cell membrane do?

Answer 4

It controls what substances exit and enter the cell

Question 5

What is a cytoplasms function?

Answer 5

It is where all chemical reactions occur

Question 6

What is a vacuole?

Answer 6

It is a fluid filled sac which contains water, sugar, and salts

Question 7

What does a nucleus do?

Answer 7

It controls cell activities and contains genetic information

Question 8

What is a ribosome?

Answer 8

It is the site of protein synthesis

Question 9

What is a plasmid?

Answer 9

A small circular DNA

Question 10

What is cellulose?

Answer 10

A structural carbohydrate present in the cell wall

Question 11

What organelles are in a plant cell?

Answer 11

Vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast

Question 12

What organelles are in an animal cell?

Answer 12

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

Question 13

What organelles are in a fungal (yeast cell)?

Answer 13

Cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 14

What organelles are in a Bacteria cell?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm, plasmids, cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA,

Question 15

What are chromosomes and plasmids made up of?

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

What is yeast?

Answer 16

It is a single cell fungus. It does not contain chlorophyll and cannot make its own food by photosynthesis

Question 17

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

Do fungi cells have cellulose?

Answer 18

No!

Question 19

How does yeast grow?

Answer 19

Yeast multiplies by budding through asexual reproduction.

Question 20

What are 5 structures found in both animal and plant cells?

Answer 20

Mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 21

Name 2 organelles found in plant cells and not in animal cells?

Answer 21

Cell wall, chloroplast

Question 22

Name one structure found ONLY in green plant cells:

Answer 22

Chloroplast!

Question 23

Which organelle is responsible for providing most of a cells energy requirements?

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

What is a common solution used as a stain while viewing cells?

Answer 24

Iodine

Question 25

How is total magnification calculated?

Answer 25

Eyepiece lens * objective lens

Question 26

What are cells measured in?

Answer 26

Micrometers (um)

Question 27

How do you calculate the size of the cell?

Answer 27

The length of the microscope / the amount of cells going across (don’t forget to convert to micrometers) 1mm = 1000micrometers

Question 28

What is a bacteria cell?

Answer 28

Single cell organisms which do not have a nucleus

Question 29

What is a fungal cell?

Answer 29

A single cell organism containing nucleus, cell wall, and vacuole

Question 30

What is a circular chromosome?

Answer 30

Genetic material found within cytoplasm of bacterial cells

Question 31

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 31

Proteins and phospholipids

Question 32

What is the cell membrane described as?

Answer 32

Selectively permeable

Question 33

What is diffusion?

Answer 33

Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of a substance down a concentration gradient, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal

Question 34

What is osmosis?

Answer 34

Osmosis is the movement of water from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 35

What happens when water moves into a plant cell?

Answer 35

The cell becomes trugid

Question 36

What happens when water moves out of a plant cell?

Answer 36

The cell becomes plasmolysed

Question 37

What happens when water moves into an animal cell?

Answer 37

The cell bursts because it has no cell wall

Question 38

What happens when water moves out of an animal cell?

Answer 38

The cell shrinks

Question 39

How does the water move in and out of the cells?

Answer 39

Through Osmosis

Question 40

What is active transport?

Answer 40

when a substance moves across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient from a lower to higher concentration. The process requires energy. Substances cross the membrane through a protein molecule

Question 41

What is “turgid”?

Answer 41

The cell contents appear swollen and pushed against the cell wall

Question 42

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 42

The difference in the concentration of a dissolved substance between two areas

Question 43

What are phospholipids?

Answer 43

Molecules which form bilayers in the cell membrane

Question 44

What is passive transport?

Answer 44

The movement of any substance from a region of higher to lower concentration until an equal concentration is reached. This does not require any energy.

Question 45

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 45

It is the property of a cell membrane which allows small soluble molecules to pass through but prevents large insoluble molecules from passing through

Question 46

What is “plasmolysed”?

Answer 46

the vacuole and cytoplasm will appear shrunken and the cell membrane will have pulled away from the cell wall