Control of appetite and developmental origins of health and disease Flashcards
Where is the satiety centre found?
The hypothalamus
What do the stimulatory primary neurones of the arcuate nucleus contain? (2) What affect do these molecules have on hunger/satiety?
Neuropeptide Y and agouti-replated peptide. They promote hunger.
What do the inhibitory primary neurones of the arcuate nucleus contain? What affect do these molecules have on hunger/satiety?
POMC or propriomelanocortin. This molecule yields many neurotransmitters such as a-MSH and B-endorphin. These promote satiety.
Leptin suppresses appetite. Where is it secreted from?
Adipocytes
Ghrelin is released from the stomach wall when empty. Which neurones does it positively stimulate?
The primary stimulatory neurones containing NPY and AgRP
Leptin resistance leads to what condition?
Obesity
Does PYY promote hunger or satiety?
Satiety
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of the most dangerous risk factors associate with CVD. These include: abdominal obesity, high BP, insulin resistance, raised fasting glucose and dylipidaemia.
How do you treat metabolic syndrome?
Primary intervention- healthy lifestyle changes
Secondary intervention- statins, ACE inhibitors, diabetes, drugs
What is epigenetics?
How genes are affected by the environment
If a woman experiences low nutrition during pregnancy why will the child tend to gain weight very easily?
The low nutrition as a fetus programmes the child with leptin resistance.
The …… nucleus plays a central role in controlling appetite.
The arcuate nucleus
In which nucleus of the hypothalamus are the neurones that synthesise oxytocin located?
Supraoptic nucleus
In which nucleus of the hypothalamus are the neurones that synthesise ADH located?
Paraventricular nucleus
Which gland secretes the hormone melatonin?
The pineal gland
