Lipids Flashcards
What is a triacylglycerol made of?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Where is glycerol metabolised?
In the liver
Which enzyme catalyses glycerol’s metabolism?
Glycerol kinase
What are the three ketone bodies?
Acetoactetate, acetone and B-hydroxybutyrate
Where are ketone bodies synthesised and where are they used?
They are synthesised in liver mitochondria and used in muscle
What is the name of the enzyme that converts CoA to HMG?
Synthase
When is acetyl CoA diverted from the TCA cycle?
When there is low NAD+ substrate availability
What enzyme do statins inhibit?
HMG-CoA reductase
What hormone stimulates HMG lyase and consequently stimulates ketone body production?
Glucagon
How are fatty acids activated?
By combining them to CoA in the cytoplasm through the action of acyl CoA synthase.
How is the fatty acyl CoA transported into the mitochondria?
It is linked to carnitine via the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase 1. It is then transported into the mitochondria by the carnitine shuttle. Carnitine is then liberated by carnitine acyltransferase 2.
What are the three main lipid classes?
Fatty acid derivatives, hydroxy-methyl-glutaric acid derivatives and vitamins
