Control SDL: Eyes and ears

Question 1

What fluid is contained within the pupil?

Answer 1

Aqueous humour

Question 2

What structures does light pass through before reaching the retinal photoreceptors?

Answer 2

Cornea
Pupil
Lens

Question 3

What fluid fills the middle of the eye?

Answer 3

Vitreous humour

Question 4

What are the three layers that run around the eye, from superficial to deep?

Answer 4

Sclera
Choroid
Retina

Question 5

What kind of epithelium are the conjunctiva formed from?

Answer 5

Columnar epithelium

Question 6

What are the functions of the conjunctiva?

Answer 6

Lubricate the eyes with mucus and tears

Contribute to immunity - physical barrier to the eye

Question 7

What is the function of the sclera?

Answer 7

Protects the eye

Question 8

What colour is the sclera and is it transparent or opaque?

Answer 8

White, opaque

Question 9

What controls the diameter of the pupil?

Answer 9

Iris

Question 10

What is the name of and the nerve supply to the circular muscle of the iris?

Answer 10

Sphincter pupillae

Short ciliary nerves

Question 11

What is the name of and the nerve supply to the radial muscle of the iris?

Answer 11

Dilator pupillae

Long ciliary nerves

Question 12

What is the nerve supply to the ciliary muscle in the ciliary body?

Answer 12

Short ciliary nerves

Question 13

Which cranial nerve are the short ciliary nerves derived from?

Answer 13

III Oculomotor

Question 14

Which cranial nerve are the long ciliary nerves derived from?

Answer 14

V1 Opthalmic division of the trigeminal

Question 15

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

Answer 15

Contraction causes the lens become more spherical

Question 16

Is the lens more suited to long or short distance sight when they are more spherical?

Answer 16

Short distance

Question 17

What is produced by the ciliary body

Answer 17

Aqueous humour

Question 18

Which veins does aqueous humour drain into?

Answer 18

Episcleral veins

Question 19

What condition is caused by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells?

Answer 19

Glaucoma

Question 20

What are the functions of the choroid layer?

Answer 20

Provides blood supply to the eye

Contains melanin to prevent uncontrolled reflection of light inside eye

Question 21

What lines the posterior compartment of the eye?

Answer 21

Retina

Question 22

Where are the photoreceptors in the eye?

Answer 22

Retina

Question 23

What pigment is contained in the pigment layer of the retina?

Answer 23

Melanin

Question 24

Are rods or cones responsible for colour vision?

Answer 24

Cones

Question 25

Are rods or cones more sensitive to light?

Answer 25

Rods

Question 26

Are rods or cones more useful for sight in dim conditions?

Answer 26

Rods

Question 27

Are rods or cones responsible for more sharp vision?

Answer 27

Cones

Question 28

What is the name of the blind spot of the retina?

Answer 28

Optic disc

Question 29

What cells are the first order neurons of the visual pathway?

Answer 29

Bipolar cells

Question 30

What cells are the second order neurons of the visual pathway?

Answer 30

Ganglion cells

Question 31

Where do the axons of retinal ganglion cells converge?

Answer 31

Optic disc

Question 32

What is the name for optic disc swelling?

Answer 32

Papilloedema

Question 33

What is optic disc swelling a sign of?

Answer 33

Intracranial hypertension

Question 34

What is the name of the point on the retina where the image of the object at the centre of the visual axis falls?

Answer 34

Fovea

Question 35

What is the fovea at the centre of?

Answer 35

Macula lutea

Question 36

Is the macula lutea lateral or medial to the optic disc?

Answer 36

Lateral

Question 37

What is the fovea surrounded by?

Answer 37

Parafovea belt

Question 38

How is the parafovea belt specialised for visual activity?

Answer 38

Over five layers of ganglion cells | High concentration of cone cells

Question 39

Where do blood vessels in the retina radiate from?

Answer 39

Centre of the optic nerve/disc

Question 40

What is the main artery that supplies the retina?

Answer 40

Central retinal artery