Movement Practical: Lower Limb 3

Question 1

What type of bone is the patella and what does this mean?

Answer 1

Sesamoid

Bone is suspended completely within a tendon or muscle

Question 2

Is the articular surface of the patella anterior or posterior?

Answer 2

Posterior

Question 3

By what mechanism do the quadriceps muscles prevent lateral dislocation of the patella?

Answer 3

Vastus medialis pulls more obliquely than the other three muscles (which pull laterally)

Question 4

What structure prevents avulsion of the patella due to trauma?

Answer 4

Patellar ligament

Question 5

Is rotation at the knee always possible?

Answer 5

No, only when flexed

Question 6

Where does the great saphenous vein penetrate the deep fascia?

Answer 6

Saphenous hiatus/opening

Question 7

Which saphenous vein drains the lateral/posterior aspect of the leg?

Answer 7

Lesser saphenous vein

Question 8

What do vessels pass through between the femoral triangle and popliteal fossa?

Answer 8

Adductor canal

Question 9

Name three reasons for the clinical importance of the femoral triangle

Answer 9

Vascular access
Vascular surgery
Femoral hernia

Question 10

Which boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by sartorius?

Answer 10

Lateral

Question 11

Which muscle forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

Adductor longus

Question 12

What structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 12

Inguinal ligament

Question 13

Name three muscles that make up the floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 13

Adductor longus
Pectineus
Iliopsoas

Question 14

Which blood vessels pass through the femoral triangle?

Answer 14

Femoral artery and vein

Perforating arteries

Question 15

Does the femoral triangle have lymphatic contents?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What is the organisation of the femoral neurovascular bundle, from lateral to medial?

Answer 16

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

Question 17

What drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

Answer 17

Greater saphenous vein

Question 18

Which muscles does the femoral nerve supply in the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh and in the pelvis?

Answer 18

Anterior: every muscle
Medial: pectineus
Pelvis: iliacus

Question 19

What is the only muscle with both functions of flexing the thigh at the hip joint AND flexing the knee joint?

Answer 19

Sartorius

Question 20

What is the origin of sartorius?

Answer 20

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 21

Where does sartorius insert?

Answer 21

Medial surface of the proximal tibia

Question 22

Which nerve roots from the femoral nerve innervate sartorius?

Answer 22

L2, L3

Question 23

Does the adductor canal pass anterior or posterior to sartorius muscle?

Answer 23

Posterior

Question 24

Does the adductor canal pass anterior or posterior to adductor longus and magnus?

Answer 24

Anterior

Question 25

Which border of the adductor canal is formed by vastus medialis?

Answer 25

Lateral

Question 26

What is the common insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscles?

Answer 26

Quadriceps femoris tendon onto patella (forms patellar ligament)

Question 27

Which is the only quadriceps muscle that originates from the pelvis?

Answer 27

Rectus femoris Has two tendons - one originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine, the other ("reflected head" from just superior to the acetabulum)

Question 28

Origin of vastus medialis?

Answer 28

Medial intertrochanteric line Pectineal line Medial linea aspera

Question 29

Origin of vastus lateralis?

Answer 29

Greater trochanter Lateral intertrochanteric line Lateral linea aspera

Question 30

Where does vastus intermedius originate?

Answer 30

Wide origin acros the upper 2/3 of the anterolateral femur

Question 31

What is the difference between the innervation of rectus femoris and the vastus muscles?

Answer 31

Rectus femoris: femoral nerve L2, L3 | Vastus: femoral nerve L2, L3, L4

Question 32

What is the common function of the quadriceps femoris muscles?

Answer 32

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

Question 33

What additional function does rectus femoris have that the vastus muscles lack?

Answer 33

Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint

Question 34

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 34

``` Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Obturator externus ```

Question 35

What is the common origin of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 35

External surface of the pubis | Ischiopubic ramus

Question 36

What are the main functions of the medial compartment thigh muscles?

Answer 36

Adduction of the thigh at the hip | Rotation of the thigh - mostly medial

Question 37

What is the medial compartment of the thigh innervated by, and what are its nerve roots?

Answer 37

Obturator nerve | L2, L3, L4

Question 38

Where does adductor longus insert?

Answer 38

Middle 1/3 of linea aspera

Question 39

Where does adductor brevis insert?

Answer 39

Upper 1/3 of linea aspera

Question 40

What muscle does adductor brevis insert roughly posterior to?

Answer 40

Pectineus

Question 41

Where does pectineus insert?

Answer 41

Pectineal line (from lesser trochanter to medial linea aspera)

Question 42

Where does adductor magnus insert?

Answer 42

Linea aspera Supracondylar line Adductor tubercle on medial femur, just superior to medial epicondyle

Question 43

Where does gracilis insert?

Answer 43

Proximal tibia (medial surface)

Question 44

Where does obturator externus insert?

Answer 44

Tronchanteric fossa on proximal femur

Question 45

Where is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 45

Distal adductor magnus (between adductor and hamstring parts)

Question 46

What travels through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 46

Femoral vessels in the adductor canal

Question 47

The distal tendons of which muscles join to form the pes anserinus, which inserts onto the medial tibia?

Answer 47

Gracilis Semitendinosus Sartorius