coordination and response

Question 1

electrical impulses are carried by

Answer 1

neurones

Question 2

two parts of mammalian nervous system + description

Answer 2

• central n.s (CNS): brain + spinal cord
• peripheral n.s (PNS): network of nerves that lie outside CNS

Question 3

role of nervous system

Answer 3

coordination + regulation of bodily functions

Question 4

sensory neurone

Answer 4

sense organ to CNS

Question 5

relay neurone

Answer 5

make connection between sensory and motor in CNS

Question 6

motor neurone

Answer 6

CNS to effector organ

Question 7

reflex arc

Answer 7

path travelled by impulse to bring action
- stimuli detected by receptors
- carried as impulse from sensory to relay in CNS
- to motor across another synapse
- motor transmits to effector organ
- response occurs

Question 8

reflex action

Answer 8

automated response to a stimulus

Question 9

synapse

Answer 9

junction between two neurons

Question 10

synapse vesicles hold

Answer 10

neurotransmitters

Question 11

neurotransmitters bind to

Answer 11

receptor proteins

Question 12

events at synapse

Answer 12

• impulse triggers vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane
• vesicles release neurotransmitters into gap
• n.t diffuse bind to complementary receptor proteins on postsynaptic membrane
• impulse triggered on post.s neurone
• n.t broken down by enzymes
• mitochondria provides energy to reform them

Question 13

sense organ

Answer 13

group of receptor cells responding to a specific stimuli

Question 14

cornea

Answer 14

refracts light

Question 15

iris

Answer 15

controls how much light enters

Question 16

lens

Answer 16

focuses light on retina

Question 17

retina

Answer 17

light sensitive layer w. receptor cells

Question 18

optic nerve

Answer 18

carry impulse to brain

Question 19

pupil in bright light + muscles involved

Answer 19

• circular muscles contracts
• radial muscles relax
• constricts

Question 20

pupil in dim light + muscles involved

Answer 20

• circular muscles relax
• radial muscles contract
• dilates

Question 21

viewing distant objects

Answer 21

• suspensory ligaments contracts
• ciliary muscles relax
• lens gets thinner
• less refraction

Question 22

viewing near objects

Answer 22

• suspensory ligaments relax
• ciliary muscles contract
• lens gets fatter
• more refraction

Question 23

rods

Answer 23

• night vision
• light sensitive

Question 24

cones

Answer 24

• color vision (RGB)
• more than rods at fovea
• sharper image

Question 25

blind spot

Answer 25

no rods or cones

Question 26

hormone

Answer 26

chemical substance produced by endocrine glands + carried by blood + alter the activity of one or more target organs

Question 27

adrenal glands

Answer 27

adrenaline

Question 28

pancreas

Answer 28

insulin + glucagon

Question 29

ovary

Answer 29

estrogen

Question 30

testes

Answer 30

testosterone

Question 31

adrenaline is

Answer 31

secreted during "fight or flight" situations

Question 32

effects of adrenaline during fight or flight

Answer 32

increased: - breathing rate - heart rate - pupils dilate

Question 33

adrenaline can also increase

Answer 33

- blood glucose con. - heart rate

Question 34

differences of nervous and hormonal

Answer 34

- hormonal has lasting effect, nervous has short-lived - hormonal has delayed response, nervous has quick response

Question 35

homeostasis

Answer 35

maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 36

insulin function

Answer 36

decrease blood glucose con.

Question 37

negative feedback is

Answer 37

keeping in range, control kuranee

Question 38

when blood glucose high

Answer 38

insulin brings level back to normal, influences: - glucose converted in liver to glycogen

Question 39

when blood glucose low

Answer 39

glucagon brings level back to normal, influences: - stored glycogen converted to glucose and released into blood

Question 40

treatment of type 1 diabetes

Answer 40

regular insulin injections

Question 41

overheating

Answer 41

- vasodilation - sweating - erector muscles relax

Question 42

overcooling

Answer 42

- vasoconstriction - shivering - erector muscles contract - reduced sweating

Question 43

vasoconstriction

Answer 43

- blood vessels (arteroles) in dermis constrict - less warm blood flows near surface (capillaries) - less heat lost by conduction + convection + radiation

Question 44

sweating

Answer 44

sweat evaporates taking latent heat so body cools

Question 45

erector muscles relax

Answer 45

hairs lie flat and can't trap air layer so heat lost

Question 46

shivering

Answer 46

contractions in muscles and limbs generate heat

Question 47

erector muscles contract

Answer 47

hair stands upright trapping layer of air which is bad conductor

Question 48

gravitropism

Answer 48

response where plants grow toward / away from gravity

Question 49

phototropism

Answer 49

response where plants grow toward / away from direction from which light is coming

Question 50

auxin in phototropism

Answer 50

- made in tip of the shoot - accumulates on dark side - stimulates cell growth on dark side so grows faster - tip points toward light

Question 51

auxin gravitropism

Answer 51

- made in tip of the root - accumulates on horizontal lower - slows cell growth on that side - tip points toward gravity