core human Flashcards
(32 cards)
birth rate
live births /1000 per year
death rate
deaths /1000 per year
Infant mortality rate
deaths of infants /1000 live births per year
Total fertility rate
Average number of children a mother will birth in reproductive age
Natural increase rate
% change population per year
demographic variables of population
age, gender, economically active, dependents
DTM
Stage 1: BR & DR ↑ Stage 2: DR ↓ Stage 3: BR ↓ Stage 4: BR & DR low, slow population growth Stage 5: DR > BR, population decline
Food security
available, accessible, affordable food (nutritious)
Green Revolution
increasing efficiency of farm in order to increase production and amount of food using fertilisers, mechanisation and irrigation.
HYV’s in India = 160% ↑ grain yields
Carrying capacity
max population in environment without environment being severely degraded
overpopulation
too many people to be supported by environment and resources
underpopulation
too few people to fully utilise environment and its resources
optimum population
the ideal number of people for environment and it’s resources
One child policy - china
initiated early 1980s by central gov
population was rapidly approaching 1 billion
one child per couple, 2nd pregnancy = abortion - forcing couples to flee country
1f : 4/5m
ageing population
undocumented children from rural areas
end 2015
migrant
lived in area for 12months+
why does migration usually occur
globalisation, push and pull factors
counter urbanisation
movement out of cities towards rural areas
intra-urban migration
movement within urban settlements
burgess model
1 CBD 2 Factories/Industry 3 Working class housing 4 middle class housing 5a commuter zone
Economic migrants
voluntary movement for work and quality of life
Refugees
forced to flee due to conflict, political or religious persecution
Asylum Seekers
left country, seeking asylum in another. waiting to be granted residency
Labour Flows
Poland -> UK
Poland -> UK
unemployment (2005) P: 18.2% UK: 5.1%
GDP per head (2006) P: $12,700 UK: $30,900
Low standard of living in Poland
Impact on P: $4bn remittances, divorce rate x2, lack of skilled workers
Impact on UK: filled gaps in labour market, undocumented migrants, more youthful population
Attempts to manage migration: trafficking has no limits scheme to keep citizens within poland
UK: from 2021, points-based system (70 pts) e.g. quaternary sector worker or degree = 20 pts
