Corona Virus

Question 1

what type of virus are corona viruses

Answer 1

RNA virus

Question 2

how and when were corona viruses discovered

Answer 2

1930s in domestic poultry

Question 3

what are RNA viruses known for

Answer 3

high mutation rates

Question 4

T/F cold viruses are a form of corona virus

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

what is the virus name for covid-19

Answer 5

sars-cov-2

Question 6

4 taxonomies of corona viruses

Answer 6

beta virus
alpha virus
gamma virus
delta virus

Question 7

types of beta viruses

Answer 7

embecovirus
sarbecovirus
merbecovirus

Question 8

what does SARS stand for

Answer 8

severe acute respiratory syndrome

Question 9

what percent similarity do sars-cov and sars-cov-2 have

Answer 9

79%

Question 10

what years was sars-cov active

Answer 10

2003-2004

Question 11

what was the first major global emerging disease in the 21st century

Answer 11

SARS cov

Question 12

T/F SARS cov caused minor illness in almost all patients

Answer 12

FALSE. it caused severe illness

Question 13

where did the SARS cov outbreak start

Answer 13

guangdong region in china

Question 14

what was the mammal reservoir for SARS cov

Answer 14

palm civet cats

Question 15

how dis SARS cov transfer from its reservoir to humans

Answer 15

palm civet cats were considered exotic cuisine and was eaten often in the guangdong region

Question 16

T/F super spreader events were a characteristic of SARS1

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

what was SARS1 mostly transmitted by

Answer 17

respiratory droplets from sneezes or coughs

Question 18

incubation period of SARS1

Answer 18

2-7 days

Question 19

what secondary disease did most infected with SARS1 develop

Answer 19

pneumonia

Question 20

what was used to diagnose SARS1

Answer 20

PCR

Question 21

fatality rate of SARS1

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

what event forced SARS1 to be reported on

Answer 22

Dr. Liu was the first atypical pneumonia case reported outside China

Question 23

when did the Chinese government release information about SARS1

Answer 23

feb. 2003

Question 24

suspect case definition for SARS1

Answer 24

-presenting with fever over 100
-close contact w/in 10 days of someone with SARS1
-history of travel to loci of SARS1

Question 25

probable SARS1 case definition

Answer 25

-chest x-ray shows pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome -unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death without an identifiable cause

Question 26

what is a super spreader event

Answer 26

single individual initiates a large number of cases

Question 27

when did WHO declare the SARS1 crisis over

Answer 27

July 2003

Question 28

what were the laboratory acquired SARS1 infections

Answer 28

Singapore-Sept 2003 Taiwan-December 2003 China(2)-Feb and April 2004

Question 29

what is the natural reservoir for SARS-like corona viruses

Answer 29

horseshoe bats

Question 30

T/F SARS1 was classified as a pandemic

Answer 30

FALSE. it was a global epidemic

Question 31

when and where was middle east respiratory syndrome first reported

Answer 31

Saudi Arabia, 2012

Question 32

what in Saudi Arabia is considered a hotspot for disease

Answer 32

Hajj: Muslim pilgrimage to mecca

Question 33

how many non Saudi's travel to mecca during hajj(and how many countries)

Answer 33

1.8 million people(190 countries)

Question 34

which disease was Saudi Arabia worried about for the hajj in recent years

Answer 34

MERS

Question 35

what is the case fatality ratio of MERS

Answer 35

35%

Question 36

what was the theorized intermediate animal host for MERS

Answer 36

dromedary camels

Question 37

MERS incubation period

Answer 37

2-14 days

Question 38

lessons learned from the MERS outbreak in South Korea

Answer 38

-a single missed case can trigger a nationwide outbreak -first line of defense in clinics not thermal scanners in the airport -patients can transmit MERS 2 days after symptom onset -aggressive quarantine may be needed

Question 39

why are coronaviruses such a problem

Answer 39

-they are zoonotic -rapid mutation and change -reverse zoonosis

Question 40

when was the first public report of covid-19

Answer 40

2019

Question 41

how much money did covid-19 cost the US economy

Answer 41

$15 trillion

Question 42

why is genomic surveillance important

Answer 42

study mutations to stay up to date on defenses against new variants

Question 43

prevailing origin theories for covid-19

Answer 43

-natural zoonotic emergence -research associated infections

Question 44

what is a chimeric virus

Answer 44

a virus that contains genetic material derived from 2 or more distinct viruses

Question 45

5 phases of handling the covid-19 pandemic proposed in 2020

Answer 45

-containment -broad community mitigation -targeted risk-based community mitigation(vaccine released) -risk-based control measures -prevention of future pandemics

Question 46

difference between isolation and quarantine

Answer 46

isolation is voluntary, quarantine is mandatory

Question 47

incubation period of covid-19

Answer 47

2-14 days

Question 48

what percent of clinical covid-19 cases were mild

Answer 48

81%

Question 49

initial fatality of covid-19

Answer 49

2%

Question 50

when does long covid generally appear

Answer 50

6-18 months after initial infection

Question 51

clinical manifestations of long covid

Answer 51

cardiovascular myocarditis neurologic

Question 52

vaccines for covid 19 and what type they were

Answer 52

-pfizer(mRNA) -moderna(mRNA) -navavax(subunit protein) -johnson and johnson(viral vector)

Question 53

2025 FDA approved vaccines for covid-19

Answer 53

moderna pfizer novavax

Question 54

treatments for covid-19

Answer 54

monoclonal antibodies antivirals

Question 55

shortcomings to covid-19 response

Answer 55

-risk communication -poor leadership and organizational structures

Question 56

successes in covid-19 response

Answer 56

-operation warp speed -life science enterprise worldwide