Tuberculosis Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is the main causative agent if TB
mycobacterium tuberculosis(main in people)
mycobacterium bovis(primarily bovid, but it is zoonotic)
what was the sanatorium movement(climatotherapy) to prevent TB
hospitals for TB where patients were placed with full access to fresh air started by edward trudeu in US
supported fresh air and good nutrition theory
established by germans
how is TB transmitted
inhalation of aerosols(sneeze, cough, talk) over close exposure
zoonotic is spread through drinking/eating contaminated cow products
latent TB infection vs TB disease
latent:
-lives but doesn’t grow in body
-no symptoms
-no transmission
Disease
-active and grows in body
-symptomatic
-transmissible
-can cause death if untreated
what tests are used to detect TB
-mantoux tuberculin skin test
-sputum smear test
-sputum bacterial culture
-chest x-ray
-interferon-gamma release assay
-PCR
which countries account for 2/3 of TB cases
india
indonesia
china
philipines
pakistan
nigeria
bangladesh
democratic republic of congo
how is TB treated
multidrug antimicrobial therapy for 5-6 months
DOTS approach to TB treatment
monitoring the patients either at clinics or at home to ensure they’re taking the TB treatment
reasons for resurgence of TB in US in early 1990s
shift to urban lifestyle
increase population density
squalor and malnutrition
pollution
immigration
biggest challenge in treating TB
you have to take multiple medications daily for sometimes up to 9 months which is easy to mess up
use and limitation of BCG vaccine
can be useful for newborns, but does not provide protection for adults
2 relevant mycobacterium species related to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis
mycobacterium avium(birds)-transmissible to immunocompromised
mycobacterium leprae(leprosy)-armadillos are natural reservoirs
what disease has killed more than any other infectious disease in history
tuberculosis
how many people globally from TB a year? how many die?
ill: 8-10 million
death: 1.5 million
what states in US contribute most TB cases? why?
california
texas
florida
new york
they are all big spots for migration
what is a tubercule
small lump in an organ or on the skin
who coined the tern tuberculosis? when?
Johann Schonlein in 1832
other names for TB throughout history
phthisis: greek for chronic wasting
consumption
kings evil(scrofula)
lung sickness
lupus vulgaris(TB of skin)
potts disease(TB of spine)
white plague
scrofula (the kings evil)
what did it attack?
where was it common?
how was it thought to be healed?
-attacked lymph node and caused it to enlarged
-common in medieval europe
-thought only touch of king and a coin could heal it
pott’s disease
what does it attack/cause
attacks the spine causing a shift in the vertebral column
what type of TB was found in mummies from the bronze age
pott’s disease
romanticism of TB
skinny and pale with flushed cheeks from fever was considered attractive in victorian era, many would fake illness to
what percent of American city dwellers in the early 1900s died of TB
25%
what scientist was the first to present plans for cities that would not promote illness(in europe)? what were “consequences” of his plan
Baron Georges Haussmann
much of medieval paris was destroyed to imrpove ability for public health
