Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 2 Week 3 > COW > Flashcards

COW Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio of people with HTN?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

less than 120 sys and less than 80 diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Prehypertenstion BP range?

A

120-139/ 80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Stage 1 hypertension BP range?

A

140-159/ 90-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Stage 2 hypertension BP range;

A

> 160 systolic / > 100 diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Isolated systolic BP range

A

> 140 systolic normal diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(blank) occurs when the blood pressure is greater than 180 systolic or greater than 120 diastolic causing organ dysfunction. (blank) is also known as hypertensive crisis.

A

Hypertensive emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common reason for pnts to have an appointment with a physician?

A

htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(blank) occurs when a patient presents with severely high blood pressure without evidence of organ dysfunction. Greater than 180 systolic, and greater than 110 diastolic.

A

Hypertensive urgency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the RAAS system do?

A

raises blood pressure due to increasd blood volume and vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If you have diabetes, what do you want your BP to be?

A

below 130 systolic, below 80 diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unliateral renal artery stenosis (aka Goldblatt kidney) causes (blank) in the kidney.

A

ischemia.This ischemia is interpreted as low blood pressure and causes secretion of renin, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system thereby increasing blood pressure. In bilateral renal artery stenosis renin secretion decreases within 5-10 days and the kidney’s deteriorate and renal failure occurs. Renal failure leads systemic and pulmonary hypertension and edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If you block RAAS what happens?

A

get vasodilation, lower BP and reduced blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main pathophysioloic causes of renal artery stenosis?

A

The main pathophysiologic causes of renal artery stenosis include; high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, and fibromuscular dysplasia. Fibromuscular dysplasia is normally seen in women under 50. However, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes are seen in a large age range of people, although, most cases occur in patients around the age of 50.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is resistant hypertenstion?

A

resistant to treatments so stays high despite treatment. (make sure it is this and not poor compliance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is malignant hypertension?

A

Rapidly progressive end organ damage, LVH

17
Q

What do ace inhibitors do : )?

A

a. Ace inhibitors will block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, without the effect of angiotensin II blood pressure will decrease because Na excretion will be maintained with the lack of aldosterone activity decreasing blood volume. In addition, without ACE, bradykinin is expressed and lead to vasodilation and thus decreased blood pressure.

b. Beta blockers will decrease contractility via beta 1 receptors and therefore reduce heart rate and pressure.
c. reduced renin release

18
Q

Do you treat patients with very high blood pressure if they do not present with symptoms?

A

NO!

19
Q

What is primary htn (95% of people have this)

A

unknown etiology

20
Q

What is secondary htn?

A

known etiology (renal parenchymal disease etc)

21
Q

What are some ways to identify Renal Artery Stenosis?

A

Duplex ultrasonography

o Pros: can determine the amount of occlusion; can rule out aneurysmal disease and thrombic events; inexpensive

o Cons: can be more time consuming than other lower extremity arterial studies

• Computed tomographic angiography (indicated for patients with normal renal function)

o Pros: option for detection of RAS

o Cons: a negative result does not rule it out

• Magnetic resonance angiography

o Pros: Diagnostic performance is >50% in detecting Renal Artery stenosis, provides information that cannot be obtained by ultrasound or tomographic scans.

• Cons: Gadollinium’s associated with risk of nephrogenic sclerosing fibrosis in people with renal insufficiency

22
Q

What is doxazosin?

A

alpha blocker

23
Q

What does a Loud bruit audible in left flank, S4 Gallop, and PMI laterally displaced indicate?

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

24
Q

(blank) plays a huge factor in hypertension/

A

inflammation

25
Q

What does this tell you:
Cardio: Regular rate, normal S1 with a second heart sound that splits during expiration, S2 is soft.. S3 gallop present. 2/6 harsh late peaking crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur at the right upper sternalborder that is heard best at the second intercostal space and radiates to the carotid arteries. Point of Maximum Impulse displaced laterally.

A

LVH, aortic stenosis, congestive heart failure

26
Q

(blank) heart sound is caused by the atrial kick, this occurs when the force of atrial contraction is large, this can also be indicative of heart dysfunction.

A

S4

27
Q

When you are checking for whether an individal has a heart attack or other problem what do you check for?

A

BNP, albumin

28
Q

What does the valsalva maneuver check for?

A

heart failre

29
Q

What can predispose a patient to develop aortic stenosis?

A

Rheumatic fever and age

30
Q

A normal EF percentage would be between (blank) of blood pushed out from the left ventricle

A

55-70%

31
Q

Who would be more likely to have a metal valve, an old person or child?

A

children (have to take anticoagulatnts, last for long time)

32
Q

What do you do for HTN?

A

use diuretics, vasodilators, Ca and Alpha antagonist, Ace inhibitors, beta blockers

33
Q

(blank) at low doses should be preferred as the first step when BP is in grade 2 or 3 or total CV risk is high or very high with mild hypertension;

A

two drugs

34
Q

WHo do you give 2 drugs to?
One drug?
No drug?

A

stage 2 HTN
stage 1 HTN
Pre-HTN

35
Q

What did the patient have? Week 3

A

renal arthersclerosis

36
Q

have High index of suspciion that you someone has renal arthresclerosis what do you use?

A

digital subtraction angiography

Block 2 Week 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions