CPG 11

Question 1

Which gland in the body monitors and controls blood glucose concentration

Answer 1

Pancreas

Question 2

What happens to excess glucose in the blood

Answer 2

Moves into liver and muscle cells. Converted to glycogen for storage.

Question 3

Defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes

Answer 3

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels

Question 4

What would determine how much insulin someone injects? TWO example factors

Answer 4

• The person’s diet
• How active they are

Question 5

What causes type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

The body cells no longer reacting to insulin

Question 6

Treatments for Type 2. THREE examples

Answer 6

• healthy diet
• regular exercise
• weight loss
  etc.

Question 7

What happens when someone drinks a sugary drink. FOUR stages.

Answer 7

Blood glucose levels spike, pancreas detects this, secretes insulin, bringing it back down.

Question 8

Name the hormone being released by the pancreas when it reaches a low after a spike to return it to normal.

Answer 8

Glucagon.

Question 9

What does Glucagon do? Released by what organ. How? Stimulates what?

Answer 9

• Raises blood glucose levels -Released by pancreas.
  Stimulates liver to convert glycogen (stored glucose) into glucose.

Question 10

What is the name of the storage of glucose? Where is it found?

Answer 10

Glycogen. The liver.

Question 11

The wrong amount of water in the blood can damage what?

Answer 11

Cells - because it causes them to lose or gain too much water by osmosis.

Question 12

The amount of water or irons in the body is controlled by what?

Answer 12

The kidneys

Question 13

What is the process by which the kidneys return useful substances to the blood so they aren’t lost in urine

Answer 13

Selective reabsorption

Question 14

What are THREE useful substances kept in the blood by selective reabsorption

Answer 14

Glucose
Water
Ions

Question 15

Two other substances other than water lost from sweating

Answer 15

Urea
Salt

Question 16

Where are excess amino acids broken down?

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

What is the waste product of deamination? Why is it converted immediately into urea for excretion?

Answer 17

Ammonia.
It’s toxic.

Question 18

FOUR stages of brain recognising water level is too low

Answer 18

Brain (hypothalamus) triggers the feeling of thirst, encouraging the person to drink

Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland to release ADH, which travels to the kidneys.

ADH makes the kidneys reabsorb more water from the urine, reducing urine volume & concentrating it.

Reduced Urine Production

Question 19

Why should dialysis fluid have the same concentration of dissolved substances as the blood

Answer 19

To prevent unwanted movement of substances OUT of the blood.

Question 20

What two substances should the dialysis fluid contain

Answer 20

Glucose
Sodium

Question 21

Advantage of getting a kidney transplant to treat failure

Answer 21

Don’t have to keep going in for dialysis treatments - kidney can work as normal.

Question 22

Main female hormone produced in the ovary

Answer 22

oestrogen

Question 23

Process by which eggs are released by ovary

Answer 23

Ovulation

Question 24

What hormone simulates the release of an egg?

Answer 24

LH

Question 25

What hormone stimulates release of sperm in men?

Answer 25

FSH

Question 26

Where is FSH produced?

Answer 26

Pituitary gland

Question 27

Two hormones responsible for maintaining the lining of the uterus?

Answer 27

Progesterone and oestrogen

Question 28

Two effects of FSH on menstrual cycle of a woman?

Answer 28

Follicle stimulating growth Oestrogen production

Question 29

Which hormone stimulates the release of LH

Answer 29

oestrogen

Question 30

Oral contraceptives inhibit production of which hormone

Answer 30

FSH

Question 31

Why does a low level of FSH prevent someone from becoming pregnant?

Answer 31

Egg may not develop properly

Question 32

FOUR stages of in vitro fertilisation process

Answer 32

Drugs containing FSH and LH are first given to the woman to stimulate the maturation of multiple eggs. Eggs collected from the ovaries using a minor surgical procedure. Sperm sample is collected from the male. Eggs are fertilised with sperm in a lab dish, the resulting embryos are allowed to develop for a few days. 1 or 2 healthy embryos selected and implanted into the woman’s uterus, where they may grow into a successful pregnancy.

Question 33

What does thyroxine regulate

Answer 33

metabolic rate

Question 34

What gland releases thyroxine

Answer 34

Thyroid

Question 35

FOUR ways adrenaline affects the body

Answer 35

- Increased heart rate - Dilates airways - more oxygen - Increases blood glucose for energy - Diverts blood flow to muscles

Question 36

What is it called when plants bend toward the light

Answer 36

Phototropism

Question 37

ONE advantage of phototropism

Answer 37

Maximises their exposure to light

Question 38

Process of auxin and how it makes plants bend

Answer 38

Auxin travels to shaded side of the plant, makes cells elongate/grow faster - making it bend toward the light.

Question 39

Tropism of plant growing toward gravity?

Answer 39

Geotropism