alveol/o
alveolus (air sac)
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchus (airway)
bronchiol/o
bronchiole (little airway)
capn/o, carb/o
carbon dioxide
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
lob/o
lobe (a portion)
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
or/o
mouth
ox/o
oxygen
palat/o
palate
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
phren/o
diaphragm (also mind)
pleur/o
pleura (lining of lungs)
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air or lung
pulmon/o
lung
sinus/o
sinus (cavity)
spir/o
breathing
thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o
chest
tonsill/o
tonsil
trache/o
Trachea (windpipe)
uvul/o
uvula
Larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; contains the vocal cords
nasopharynx
part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
oropharynx
central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
laryngopharynx
lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration
mediastinum
partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (containing the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
parenchyma
functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration
Eupnea
normal breathing
bradypnea
slow breathing
Tachypnea
fast breathing
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
apnea
inability to breathe
orthopnea
ability to breathe only in an upright position
dysphonia
hoarseness ( phon/o voice or sound)
hemoptysis
coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs ( ptysis to spit)
hypercapnia
excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood (capno smoke; carbo coal)
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
obstructive lung disorder
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele imperfect; -ectasis expansion or dilation)
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
Pneumonia
inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals
pulmonary embolism (PE)
occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot
endoscopy
examination inside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes
Bronchoscopy
use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways
Pulse oximetry
noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor hypoxemia
pneumonectomy
removal of an entire lung
thoracentesis
puncture for aspiration of the chest (pleural cavity)
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
tracheostomy
creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube
ABG
arterial blood gas
AP
anterior-posterior
PA
posterior-anterior
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PE
pulmonary embolism
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CT
computed tomography
CXR
chest x-ray
PFT
pulmonary function testing
TB
tuberculosis
URI
upper respiratory infection
VC
vital capacity
V/Q
ventilation-perfusion (scan)
-pnea (suffix)
breathing