CRAM: Solubility Rules

Question 2

Solubility Rules Guidelines that predict which compounds will dissolve in water.

Question 3

Alkali Metal Compounds All compounds containing alkali metals (Li⁺

Answer 3

Na⁺

Question 4

Ammonium Compounds All compounds containing the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) are soluble in water.

Question 5

Nitrates

Answer 5

Acetates

Question 6

Halides Most chlorides

Answer 6

bromides

Question 7

Sulfates Most sulfate compounds (SO₄²⁻) are soluble

Answer 7

with exceptions for Ba²⁺

Question 8

Hydroxides Most hydroxides (OH⁻) are insoluble

Answer 8

with exceptions for alkali metals and Ba(OH)₂.

Question 9

Carbonates

Answer 9

Phosphates

Question 10

Polyatomic Ions with Alkali Metals Compounds containing polyatomic ions paired with alkali metals or ammonium are generally soluble.

Question 11

Chlorides Compounds that typically dissolve in water barring exceptions for Ag⁺

Answer 11

Pb²⁺

Question 12

Sulfates Compounds that typically dissolve in water with notable exceptions like BaSO₄ and PbSO₄.

Question 13

Hydroxides Most hydroxides are insoluble

Answer 13

except for those formed with alkali metals and barium.

Question 14

Carbonates Most carbonates are insoluble

Answer 14

except those with alkali metals or NH₄⁺.

Question 15

Aqueous Solution Solutions in which the solvent is water.

Question 16

Precipitates Solid formed in a solution during a chemical reaction.

Question 17

Alkali Metals Group of elements that are highly reactive and form soluble salts.

Question 18

Ammonium Ion A positively charged polyatomic ion (NH₄⁺) that enhances solubility.

Question 19

Dissolution The process by which substances dissolve in solvents.

Question 20

Ionization Energy The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Question 21

Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Question 22

Reactivity The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.

Question 23

Food Preservatives Substances used to preserve food by preventing spoilage.

Question 24

Fertilizers Chemical substances used to enhance soil fertility.

Question 25

Explosives Substances that undergo rapid decomposition producing gas and heat.

Question 26

Polyatomic Ions Ions made up of two or more atoms.

Question 27

Acidic Ions Ions that can donate protons or accept electrons.

Question 28

Soluble Compounds Compounds that dissolve well in water.

Question 29

Insoluble Compounds Compounds that do not dissolve in water.

Question 30

Solubility Product The constant for a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.

Question 31

Ionic Bonds Chemical bonds formed between charged ions.

Question 32

Salts Ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

Question 33

Chemical Reactions Processes in which substances interact to form new substances.

Question 34

Aqueous Reaction Reactions that occur in water-based solutions.

Question 35

Applications in Medicine Uses of compounds in medical treatments or imaging.