cranial nerves

Question 1

1

Answer 1

olfactory

Question 2

olfactory pathway

Answer 2

receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity, olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

Question 3

olfactory component

Answer 3

smell

Question 4

optic pathway

Answer 4

enters via optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm, fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form optic tract

Question 5

optic component

Answer 5

vision

Question 6

2

Answer 6

optic

Question 7

oculomotor pathway

Answer 7

emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

Question 8

3rd components

Answer 8

somatic motor - extraocular muscles (superior, medial & inferior rectus and inferior oblique) and eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris)
visceral motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

Question 9

4rth pathway

Answer 9

emerges from dorsal surface of the mid brain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 10

component of trochlear nerve 4

Answer 10

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (superior oblique turns eye downwards)

Question 11

abducent nerve pathway

Answer 11

emerges between pons and medulla and exits exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 12

abducent nerve components

Answer 12

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (lateral rectus abducts the eye)

Question 13

6th nerve

Answer 13

abducent

Question 14

ophthalmic nerve pathway

Answer 14

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 15

components of ophthalmic nerve

Answer 15

General sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

Question 16

trigeminal nerve pathway V2

Answer 16

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum

Question 17

maxillary nerve components

Answer 17

General sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate

Question 18

mandibular nerve pathway

Answer 18

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale

Question 19

mandibular nerve components

Answer 19

General sensory - from face over mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth & anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veli palatinin & tensor tympani

Question 20

facial nerve pathway

Answer 20

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

Question 21

7th nerve components

Answer 21

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression & scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle
visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate
special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue & soft palate
general sensory - from external acoustic meatus

Question 22

vestibulocochlear nerve pathway

Answer 22

emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves

Question 23

8th cranial nerve components

Answer 23

special sensory - vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule gives sense of position & movement
hearing from spiral organ

Question 24

glossopharyngeal nerve pathway

Answer 24

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

Question 25

9th cranial nerve components

Answer 25

special sensory - taste from posterior 3rd of tongue general sensory - cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity visceral sensory - sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland somatic motor - to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing

Question 26

10th cranial nerve pathway

Answer 26

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen, then everywhere!

Question 27

components of vagus nerve

Answer 27

special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate general sensory - sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus visceral sensory - from pharnyx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach, intestine visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart somatic motor - to pharynx, larynx, palate & oesophagus

Question 28

accessory nerve pathway

Answer 28

small cranial (medulla) and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

Question 29

accessory nerve components

Answer 29

somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx, and to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius

Question 30

hypoglossal nerve pathway

Answer 30

emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

Question 31

hypoglossal nerve components

Answer 31

somatic motor - to muscles of tongue