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cranial nerves Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what do cranial nerves may contain

A

Somatic motor fibres - supply striated muscle
(don’t worry about the somatic vs branchial distinction)

Autonomic motor fibres - cranial division of the parasympathetic supply innervates smooth muscle & glands

Visceral sensory - afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, heart, lung, gut etc - not normally conscious

General sensory - afferent inputs (eg touch, temperature, pain) from skin & mucous membranes

Special sensory – taste, smell, vision, hearing & balance

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2
Q

function of olfactory

A

sensory (smell)

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3
Q

function of optic

A

sensory (vision)

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4
Q

function of oculomotor

A

motor (eye movement)

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5
Q

function of trochlear

A

motor (eye movement)

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6
Q

function of trigeminal

A

mixed (sensation from face & mouth, muscles of mastication)

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7
Q

function of abducent?

A

motor (eye movement)

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8
Q

function of facial nerve

A

mixed (muscles of facial expression, parasymp, taste)

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9
Q

function of vestibulocochlear

A

sensory (hearing & balance)

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10
Q

function of glossopharyngeal

A

mixed ( swallowing, sensation from tongue, parasymp)

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11
Q

function of vagus nerve

A

mixed (muscles of throat, parasymp, visceral sensory)

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12
Q

function of accessory nerve

A

motor (soft palate, throat & neck)

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13
Q

function of hypoglossal nerve

A

motor (tongue)

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14
Q

whats the pathway of the olfactory nerve

A

receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity, olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

what are the components of olfactory nerve

A

special sensory - smell

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16
Q

what is the clinical application of the olfactory nerve

A

fractured cribriform plate may tear olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia

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17
Q

what is the pathway of the optic nerve

A

enters via optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm, fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form optic tract

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18
Q

what are the components of the optic nerve

A

special sensory - vision

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19
Q

clinical application of the optic nerve

A

increase in CSF pressure can cause papilloedema
section of right optic nerve causes blindness through right eye
section of optic chiasm causes loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopsia)
section of right optic tract causes blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields (left homonymous hemianopsia)

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20
Q

pathway of the oculomotor nerve

A

emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

what are the components of the oculomotor nerve?

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscles (superior, medial & inferior rectus and inferior oblique) and eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris)
autonomic motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

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22
Q

what is the clinical application of the oculomotor nerve?

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A

drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)
eyeball abducted and pointing down
no pupillary reflex
no accommodation of the lens

23
Q

what is the pathway of the trochlear nerve

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A

emerges from dorsal surface of the mid brain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

24
Q

what are the components of the trochlear

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A

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (superior oblique turns eye downwards)

25
what is the clinical application of the trochlear nerve
diplopia when looking down
26
what is the pathway of the abducenet nerve
emerges between pons and medulla and exits exits via the superior orbital fissure
27
what is the compinent of the abducent nerve
somatic motor - extraocular muscle (lateral rectus abducts the eye)
28
what is the clinical application of the abducent nerve?
medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia
29
what is the pathway of the trigeminal V1 nerve
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure
30
what are the components of the trigemnial V1
General sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses
31
what is the pathway of the trigeminal V2 nerve
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum
32
what is the component of the trigeminal V2 nerve
General sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate
33
what is the pathway of trigeminal V3 nerve
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale
34
what is the components of the trigeminal V3 nerve
General sensory - from face over mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth & anterior 2/3rds of tongue Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veli palatini & tensor tympani
35
what is the clinical application of the trigeminal V3 nerve
paralysis of muscles of mastication loss of corneal or sneezing reflex loss of sensation in the face trigeminal neuralgia
36
what is the pathway of the facial nerve
emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen
37
what is the components of the facial nerve?
somatic motor - muscles of facial expression & scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue & soft palate general sensory - from external acoustic meatus
38
what is the clinical application of the facial nerve
most frequently injured - due to long pathway through bone | Bell’s palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid, or bare teeth
39
what is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear
emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves
40
what is the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve
special sensory - vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule gives sense of position & movement hearing from spiral organ
41
what is the clinical application of the vestibulocochlear nerve
tinnitus (ringing in the ears) deafness (conductive vs sensorineural) vertigo (loss of balance) nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)
42
what is the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve
emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
43
what are the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
special sensory - taste from posterior 3rd of tongue general sensory - cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity visceral sensory - sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland somatic motor - to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing
44
what is the clinical applicaation of the glosspharyngeal nerve
loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue | associated with injuries to CNs X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome
45
what is the pathway of the vagus nerve
emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen, then everywhere
46
what are the components of the vagus nerve
special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate general sensory - sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus visceral sensory - from pharnyx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach, intestine autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of muscle in bronchi, gut, heart somatic motor - to pharynx, larynx, palate & oesophagus
47
what are the clinical application of the vagus nerve
damage to pharyngeal branches cause difficulty in swallowing | damage to laryngeal branches causes difficulty in speaking
48
what is the pathway of the accessory nerve?
small cranial (medulla)* and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen
49
what are the components of the accessory nerve
somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx, and to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
50
what is the clinical application of the accessory nerve?
weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder
51
what is the pathway for hypoglossal nerve?
emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal
52
what are the components of the hypoglossal nerve?
somatic motor - to muscles of tongue
53
what are the clinical application of the hypoglossal nerve
vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy | causes paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue. Tip deviates towards affected side
54
overview of the nerves
Smell - Olfactory Sight - Optic Taste - Facial, Glossopharyngeal & Vagus Hearing & Balance - Vestibulocochlear Movement of the eyes - Oculomotor, Trochlear & Abducent Accomodation of the eye – Oculomotor Constriction of the pupil - Oculomotor Movement of muscles in the face - Facial Sensation from the face - Trigeminal Chewing - Trigeminal (mandibular) Swallowing - Glossopharyngeal & Accessory Movement of the tongue - Hypoglossal Movement of the vocal cords – Vagus Movement of the neck - Accessory

systems- neuro- oc (51 decks)

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