topography of the brain

Question 1

what is present in white matter?

Answer 1

myelinated axons

Question 2

what is present in grey matter?

Answer 2

neuronal cell bodies

Question 3

what is involved in white matter in spinal cords and brain

Answer 3

various tracts

Question 4

what is a tract?

Answer 4

fibre pathway passing through the CNS carrying a specific modality

Question 5

what would you call a neuronal cell body collection within CNS

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

what would you call neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS ?

Answer 6

ganglion

Question 7

what are ventricles?

Answer 7

spaces within the brain

Question 8

what are the ventricles within cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 8

lateral ventricle

Question 9

what is the ventricle within diencephalon

Answer 9

III ventricle

Question 10

what are the ventricles within the midbrain?

Answer 10

cerebral aqueduct

Question 11

what are the ventricles between pons and medulla and cerebellum?

Answer 11

IV ventricle

Question 12

where is the cerebral fluid present?

Answer 12

inside ventricles and vetween pia and arachnoid

Question 13

where is the CSF formed?

Answer 13

by choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 14

where is the CSF absorbed?

Answer 14

by arachnoid villi into saggital sinus

Question 15

where do the 2 internal carrots arteries enter the skull through?

Answer 15

the carotid canal (foramen lacerum)

Question 16

how is the basilar arteries formed?

Answer 16

2 vertebral arteries join together on the ventral surface of the brainstem

Question 17

what does the vertebra-basilar system give branches to supply?

Answer 17

brainstem and cerebellum

Question 18

what is included in the anterior cerebral?

Answer 18

Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding Occipital lobe.

Question 19

what is included in the middle cerebral

Answer 19

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

what is included in the posterior cerebral?

Answer 20

Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and Occipital lobe.

Question 21

what do the dural venous sinues join to drain into?

Answer 21

internal jjugular veins

Question 22

what does the neural tube develop from?

Answer 22

dorsal surface ectoderm

Question 23

how are the vesicles formed?

Answer 23

as soon as the neural tube was formed, it divided into 3 primary vesicles and then into 2yr vesicles

Question 24

function of the brainstem centres

Answer 24

produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival.

Question 25

what are involved in the brainstem?

Answer 25

midbrain, pons and medulla

Question 26

what ventricle is the cavity of the medulla

Answer 26

IV ventricle

Question 27

what are the contents of the white matter of medulla section?

Answer 27

Pyramidal tract Medial lemniscus Inferior cerebellar peduncle Other tracts.

Question 28

what are the contents of the grey matter of the medulla part?

Answer 28

``` Cranial n nucleii & inferior olivary nucleus Nucleii of the Reticular formation (vital centres) Sensory nucleii (gracile and cuneate) ```

Question 29

where is the IV ventricle in relation to the Pons

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

what are the surface features of pons?

Answer 30

Middle cerebellar peduncle | Cranial nerves V, VI, VII & VIII originate from its surface.

Question 31

what are the contents of the white matter of the pons

Answer 31

``` Middle cerebellar peduncle Medial lemniscus (sensory) Pyramidal tract (motor) ```

Question 32

what are the contents of the grey matter of the pons

Answer 32

Cranial n. nucleii Pontine nucleii Nucleii of Reticular formation

Question 33

where does the midbrain develop from?

Answer 33

mesencephalon

Question 34

surface features fo the midbrain

Answer 34

Cerebral peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle Corpora quadrigemina (superior & inferior colliculus) Origin of Oculomotor (CN III) & Trochlear (CN IV)

Question 35

what are the right and left hemispheres seperated by in the cerebellum?

Answer 35

vermis

Question 36

what does each hemisphere contain?

Answer 36

anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobe

Question 37

what is on the surface of the cerebellum?

Answer 37

sulci and folia.

Question 38

how many cerebellar peduncles connect it to the brainstem?

Answer 38

3

Question 39

function of the cerebellum

Answer 39

Posture maintenance | Fine tuning motor activity

Question 40

where is the diencephalon found?

Answer 40

Deep within cerebral hemispheres, around the III ventricle

Question 41

what does the diencephalon develop from?

Answer 41

from diencephalic vesicle

Question 42

what does the thalamus contain?

Answer 42

groups of nucleii - anterior, medial and lateral group.

Question 43

what are the lateral group of the thalamus involved in?

Answer 43

processing sensory information

Question 44

what is the thalamus?

Answer 44

sensory relay station

Question 45

where does the hypothalamus lie?

Answer 45

below the thalamus separated from it by the hypothalamic sulcus.

Question 46

what are the homeostatic role of hypothalamus?

Answer 46

``` Autonomic Control Centre Body temperature regulation Regulation of food intake Regulation of water balance & thirst Regulation of sleep-wake cycle Control of endocrine system functioning ```

Question 47

function of the brainstem

Answer 47

Vital centres (respiratory, cardiovascular), cranial nerve nucleii III-XII.