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Anatomy > Cranium, Brain, Nerves > Flashcards

Cranium, Brain, Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main two parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

Neurocranium bones

8

A
  1. frontal
  2. ethmoid
  3. sphenoid
  4. occipital
  5. temporal (2)
  6. parietal (2)
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3
Q

Viscerocranium

15

A
  1. mandible
  2. ethmoid
  3. vomer
  4. maxilla (2)
  5. inferior nasal concha (2)
  6. zygomatic (2)
  7. palatine (2)
  8. nasal (2)
  9. lacrimal (2)
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4
Q

Sutures and age of closure

A
  1. Metopic- closes at 3-9 months
  2. Coronal suture- age 24
  3. Sagittal suture- begins at age 29, complete at 35
  4. Lambdoid suture- full fusion may never occur, but btw 30-40
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5
Q

anterior cranial fossa contains

A

the frontal lobe of the brain

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6
Q

Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate contains

A

Axons of olfactory epithelium that form Olfactory CN I

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7
Q

Middle cranial fossa contains ____

A

temporal lobes of brain

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8
Q

Optic canals contain ______

A

Optic nerves CN II and ophthalmic arteries

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9
Q

Superior orbital fissure contains _____

A

opthalmic veins

ophthalmic nerve ( part of CN V)

Oculomotor nerve CN III

trochlear nerve (part of CN IV)

abducens nerve CN VI and sympathetic fibers

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10
Q

Foramen rotundum contains _____

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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11
Q

Foramen ovale contains ______

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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12
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery/vein

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13
Q

Foramen lacerum contains _____

A

nothing passes through, but opening is covered by internal carotic artery

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14
Q

Carotid Canal contains _____

A

Internal carotid artery

sympathetic fibers

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15
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

Foramen magnum contains ______

A

spinal cord and meninges

vertebral arteries

dural veins

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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17
Q

Jugular foramen contains _____

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

vagus nerve (CN X)

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Internal jugular vein

inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

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18
Q

Hypoglossal canal contains _____

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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19
Q

Internal auditory meatus contains ______

A

Facial (CN VII)

Vestibulocochlear nerves (CN VIII)

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20
Q

What are the two parts of the Dura Mater?

A
  • External periosteal layer
  • internal meningeal layer
    • continues at the foramen magnum with dura to cover the spinal cord
    • comes away from the periosteal layer to divide the cracial cavity into compartments
21
Q

What are the 4 dural infoldings?

A
  1. falx cerebri
  2. tentorium cerebelli
  3. falx cerebelli
  4. and diaphragma sellae
22
Q

how does the falx cerebri partition the brain?

A

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

How does the tentorium cerebelli partition the brain?

A
  • Separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum
  • divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments
24
Q

How does the Falx cerebelli partition the prain?

A

partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

25
How does the diaphragma sellae partition the brain?
circular extension that forms a partial roof over the hypophyseal fossa
26
What vascularizes and innervates the dura mater?
* Middle meningeal artery * enters the middle cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum * rupture may lead to epidural hematoma * Innervated by three branches of CN V
27
CN I
Olfactory nerve special **sensory** olfaction from nasal mucosa found in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
28
CN II
Optic special **sensory** vision from retina exits cranium through Optic canal/foramen
29
CN III
* Occulomotor nerve * somatic **motor** of most eye muscles * parasympathetic innervation of sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles (constricts pupil and helps with near vision) * presynaptic fibers synapse at ciliary ganglion and postsynaptic fibers continue to eyeball
30
CN IV
Trochlear nerve motor to superior oblique eye muscle exits cranium via superior orbital fissure
31
What happens with an injury to CN IV?
diplopia when looking down
32
CN VI
Abducens nerve **motor** to lateral rectus eye muscle exits cranium via superior orbital fissure
33
What happens with an injury to CN VI?
inability to abduct the eyeball to affected side
34
Where do the presynaptic fibers that innervate the eye by the SNS originate from?
T1-T3
35
What are the three divisions of CN V?
Trigeminal nerve: V1 = Opthalmic V2 = maxillary V3 = mandibular
36
CN V1
* Opthalmic nerve * exits via superior orbital fissure * somatic sensory from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, and nasal cavity
37
CN V2
Maxillary exits via foramen rotunda somatic **sensory** of skin over maxilla, mucosal of nose, palate
38
CN V3
* Mandibular * exits via foramen ovale * **sensory** of skin over mandible, lower lip, lower teeth, side of head, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue * **motor** to muscles of mastication
39
CN VII
* Facial nerve * exits via stylomastoid foramen via the internal acoustic meatus * **motor** of facial muscles * **sensory** to small area near external acoustic meatus * helps transmit taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and palatte
40
Visceral motor pathway of CN VII
* Pterygopalatine ganglia to innervate lacrimal, nasal, pharyngeal, palatine glants * Submandibular ganglia to innervate submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
41
What is the geniculum?
the sharp bend of the facial nerve (CN VII). Contains geniculate ganglion, the sensory component of CN VII
42
What are the 6 terminal branches of CN VII?
1. Posterior auricle 2. temporal 3. zygomatic 4. buccal 5. mandibular 6. cervical
43
CN VIII
* Vestibulocochlear nerve * Vestibular * exits via the internal acoustic meatus * special sensory for balance and equilibrium * Cochlear * exits via the internal acoustic meatus * special sensory of hearing
44
CN IX
* Glossopharyngeal nerve * exits via jugular foramen * **motor** of the stylopharngeas muscle- assists with swallowing and gag reflex * **sensory** of external ear, pharynx, middle ear * **special sensory** taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue
45
Parasympathetic pathway of CN IX
Inferior salivatory nucleas to otic ganglion to parotid gland
46
CN X
* Vagus nerve * exits via jugular foramen * **motor** to constrict muscle of the larynx, pharynx, palate, superior 2/3 of esophagus * **sensory** from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dural mater of posterior cranial fossa * **special sensory** of taste from epiglotis and palate
47
CN XI
* Spinal accessory nerve * exits via jugular foramen * **motor** to the sternocleidmastoid and trapezious muscles
48
CN XII
* Hypoglossal nerve * exits via hypoglossal canal * **motor** to extrinsic muscles (styloglossus, hypoglossus, genioglossus) and intrinsic (tongue)

Anatomy (9 decks)

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