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Upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Injury to axillary nerve

A
  • sensory impairment to lateral surface of shoulder
  • shoulder weakness, especially with abduction
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2
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Action
    • abduction of shoulder
  • Innervation
    • suprascapular nerve
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3
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A

rhomboid major/minor and levator scapulae muscle

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4
Q

Teres Minor

A
  • Action
    • laterally rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • Axillary nerve
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5
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and 5th finger
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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6
Q

Pronator quadratus

A
  • Action
    • pronates forearm
  • Innervation
    • median nerve
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7
Q

Pronator Teres

A
  • Action
    • Pronates and flexes forearm
  • Innervation
    • median nerve
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8
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Action
    • extends and adducts wrist
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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9
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A
  1. Abductor pollicis longus
  2. extensor pollicis longus
  3. extensor pollicis brevis
  4. extensor indicis

**all extend and all innervated by radial nerve

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10
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • Action
    • extends elbow joint
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
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11
Q

Muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. coracobrachialis
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12
Q

Extensor digitorum

A
  • Action
    • extend wrist and medial 4 fingers
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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13
Q

Levator Scapulae

A
  • Action
    • Elevates scapula
  • Innervation
    • Dorsal scapular nerve
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14
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve

(C7-C8)

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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15
Q

pectoralis major

A
  • Action:
    • adducts and medially rotates shoulder joing
  • innervation:
    • lateral and medial pectoral nerve
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16
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Action
    • Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint
  • Innervation
    • superior and inferior subscapular nerves
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17
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and thumb
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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18
Q

scapula

A
  • overlays the 2nd-7th rips
  • lateral border is thickest
  • glenoid cavity articulates with head of humerous at glenohumeral joint
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19
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Action
    • extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • thoracodorsal nerve
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20
Q

Rotator cuff

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres Minor
  4. Subscapularis
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21
Q

Extensor indicis

A
  • Action
    • extends wrist and 2nd finger
  • Innervation
    • radial nerve
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22
Q

Teres Major

A
  • Action
    • adducts and medially rotates shoulder
  • Innervation
    • Inferior subscapular nerve
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23
Q

Brachialis

A
  • Action
    • flexes elbow
  • Innervation
    • musculocutaneous nerve
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24
Q

axio-appendicular muscles

A

attach to the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae. Suport and move pectoral girdle

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25
Arterial supply to upper extremity
1. sublcavian artery 2. axillary artery 3. brachial artery 4. four terminal branches
26
Medial Brachial cutaneous nerve | (C8-T1)
Sensory to the medial side of the arm
27
Brachioradialis
* Action * weak flexion of elbow * Innervation * radial nerve
28
Pectoral girdle
1. scapulae 2. clavicles 3. manubrium of sternum * support and movement provided by the axio-appendicular muscles
29
Flexor Carpi Radialis
* Action * Flexes and abducts hand at wrist * Innervation * Median nerve
30
humerus
* largest bone in upper limb * radial groove for the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
31
Musculocutaneous nerve
* pierces coracobrachialis muscle * innervates brachialis and biceps brachii * continues as sensory to lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm * Injury: * sensory impairment to lateral surface of forearm * paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis
32
Nerve to Subclavius | (Superior trunk/ C5)
subclavius muscle
33
Trapezius
* Action * lifts and retracts scapula * Innervation * spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
34
Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major
* Action * holds scapula to thoracic wall * innervation * dorsal scapular nerve
35
Supericial muscles of **anterior** forearm
1. Pronator Teres 2. Flexor Carpi Radialis 3. palmaris longus 4. flexor carpi ulnaris
36
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
* Action * extend and abduct wrist * innervation * radial nerve
37
Superior subscapular nerve | (C5-C6)
subscapularis muscle
38
Palmaris Longus
* Action * Flexes hand at wrist * Innervation * Median nerve
39
Lateral pectoral nerve | (C5-C7)
Pectoralis major muscle
40
Deltoid
* Action * abducts shoulder joint * innervation * axillary nerve
41
Extensor carpi radialis longus
* Action * extend and abduct wrist * Innervation * radial nerve
42
How median nerve innervates hand
1. abducts thumb 2. opposes thumb 3. flexes thumb 4. flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the 2-4th fingers * Injury * sensory impairment to anterior thumb, palmer surface, anterior first 2.5 fingers and posterior joint of first 2.5 fingers * loss of thumb opposition, decreased abduction of thumb, loss of flexion of proximal and distal interphalangeal joings * "pope's blessing" or "ape hand"
43
Inferior subscapular nerve | (C5-C6)
Subscapularis and teres major muscles
44
Biceps brachii
* Action * supinates forearm and flexes elbow * Innervation * musculocutaneous nerve
45
Radius
* lateral to ulna and shorter * shaft gradually enlarges as it passes distally * with pronation of forearm, radius crosses ulna
46
Axillary artery
* lateral margin of 1st rib to inferior border of the teres major
47
Medial Pectoral nerve | (C8-T1)
Pectoralis major and minor muscles
48
Brachial artery
* Inferior border of the teres major muscle to the distal portion of the cubital fossa
49
Clavicle
* connects upper limb to axial skeleton * **sternal** end touches sternum at sternoclavicular joint * **acromoial** end touches the acromion of the scapula at acromioclavicular joint
50
Abductor pollicis longus
* Action * extends wrist and abducts thumb * innervation * radial nerve
51
Flexor digitorum superficialis
* Action * flexes wrist and proximal phalanges * Innervation * Median nerve
52
How the Ulnar nerve innervates hand
1. adducts thumb 2. abducts 5th finger 3. flexes 5th finger 4. opposes 5th finger towards thumb * Injury * Sensory impairment of medial surface of hand/palm and medial 1.5 fingers * loss of flexionat 4th and 5th fingers, loss of thumb adduction, loss ability to oppose and abduct 5th finger * "claw hand"
53
Infraspinatus
* Action * laterally rotates shoulder * innervation * Suprascapular nerve
54
Intermediate and deep muscles of the **anterior** forearm
1. flexor digitorum superficialis 2. flexor digitorum profundus 3. flexor pollicis longus 4. pronator quadratus
55
Flexor pollicis longus
* Action * flexes wrist and thumb * Innervation * median nerve
56
ulna
* medial * stabilizing bone of the forearm * shaft is thick but tapers distally
57
Flexor digitorum profundus
* Action * flexes wrist and phalanges 2-5 * Innervation * Median nerve and ulnar nerve
58
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve | (C8-T1)
Sensory to the medial side of the forearm
59
Pectoralis Minor
* Action * stabilizes scapula * Innervation * medial pectoral nerve
60
Injury to radial nerve
* sensory impairment to posterior surface of forearm, posterior thumb and first 2.5 fingers * paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, extensors of the wrist and fingers * "wrist drop"
61
Extensor pollicis longus
* Action * extends wrist and thumb * Innervation * radial nerve
62
Coracobrachialis
* Action * flex and adduct shoulder * Innervation * musculocutaneous nerve
63
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C6)
serratus anterior muscle \*Injury causes paralysis of serratus anterior and medial border of scapula proturdes away from body
64
Superficial muscles of the **posterior** forearm
1. Brachioradialis 2. extensor carpi radialis longus 3. extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. extensor digitorum 5. extensor digiti minimi 6. extensor carpi ulnaris \*\*All are innervated by the radial nerve
65
Flexor carpi ulnaris
* Action * Flexes and adducts hand at wrist * Innervation * Ulnar nerve
66
67
Suprascapular nerve | (superior trunk/C5-C6)
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
68
Serratus Anterior
* Action * holds scapula to thoracic wall * Innervation * long thoracic nerve (LTN)

Anatomy (9 decks)

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