CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIME Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is Situational Crime Prevention (SCP)?
A strategy where victims make themselves harder targets by investing in security and surveillance
SCP aims to increase the risk of criminals being caught and reduce opportunities for crime.
According to Clarke’s Rational Choice Theory, when do people commit offences?
When the costs of offending are less than the benefits obtained from offending.
What is the concept of Target Hardening as proposed by Felson and Clarke?
Theft is more likely when attractive targets are accessible with a good chance of escaping without detection.
What does Chaiken’s theory of Displacement suggest?
Crackdowns on crime in one area may simply displace it to another area.
What is a criticism of Situational Crime Prevention?
It displaces rather than reduces crime, as criminals move to softer targets.
How do Marxists view Situational Crime Prevention?
They argue it creates social inequality, as the poor are disproportionately victims of crime.
What do Left Realists argue about Situational Crime Prevention?
It ignores the root causes of crime such as poverty and inequality.
What is Environmental Crime Prevention (ECP)?
A strategy focusing on preventing crime through formal and informal social control measures.
According to Wilson and Kelling, what must be tackled immediately to prevent neighborhood deterioration?
Any sign of environmental decline such as broken windows or graffiti.
What is the role of the police according to Wilson and Kelling?
To tackle all types of crime and disorder, not just serious crime.
What do Left Realists argue about urban crime?
It is a rational response to the lack of legitimate opportunities.
What did Farrington’s longitudinal research identify as risk factors correlated with crime?
Low education and parental conflict.
What was the purpose of the Perry Preschool Project?
To study the long-term impact of high-quality preschool education.
What is the criticism of Social and Community Crime Prevention?
It views crime as society’s fault rather than individual choice.
What are the roles of punishment in the Criminal Justice System?
- Deterrence
- Rehabilitation
- Incapacitation
- Protecting the Public
- Retribution
What is Durkheim’s concept of Retributive Justice?
A response to offenses with vengeful passion to repress the wrongdoer.
According to Marxists, what does imprisonment reflect?
Capitalist relations of production.
What is the trend of mass incarceration according to Garland?
The USA has entered an era of mass incarceration with millions in prisons.
What is the aim of diversion programs?
To prevent individuals from entering the prison system by focusing on welfare support.
What is transcarceration?
The cycle of control across institutions such as care homes and prisons.
What does victimology study?
The impact of crime on victims.
What does the National Crime Recording Standard (2002) emphasize?
Prioritizing victims’ accounts of crime over police views.
Which age group faces the highest risk of violent crime according to CSEW (2012)?
16 to 24 year olds.
What is Positivist Victimology?
Identifying characteristics or circumstances that make victims different from non-victims.
