Critical care 2

Question 1

Thoracic Drains are used to…

Answer 1

Remove air and fluid and Re-establish the negative
pressure necessary for ventilation

Question 2

Thoracic drains incision

Answer 2

10th intercostal space

Question 3

What can cause the Pulse Oximeter to give false reading

Answer 3

Alpha-2 agonist cause peripheral
vasoconstriction

Question 4

Blood Gas Analysis

Answer 4

measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood
and acid base balance

Question 5

How Much Blood Can We Take?

Answer 5

Dogs 19ml/kg
Cats and Rabbits 11ml/kg

Question 6

Trauma Triad Of Death

Answer 6

Blood clotting issues
Acidic Blood
Low body Temp

Question 7

Signs of oesophageal FB

Answer 7

Salivation
Dysphagia
Regurgitation (not vomit)
Respiratory distress (upper/mid oesophagus)

Question 8

Signs of gastrointestinal FB

Answer 8

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Inappetence
• Abdominal pain?

Question 9

Disorders to do a Thoracotomy

Answer 9

Lung lobectomy
pleural effusion/pneumothorax
Patent ductus arteriosus ligation
* Pericardiectomy

Question 10

Patent ductus arteriosis ligation

Answer 10

is a surgical procedure to close the PDA, a blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 11

Head Trauma position

Answer 11

Lateral recumbency and raise head
to a maximum of 30 to decrease
intracranial pressure

Question 12

Caesarean Section indication

Answer 12

> 24h drop in rectal temperature
* Foetal oversize
* After 2 doses of oxytocin and no contractions
* Bitch/queen too distressed

Question 13

Neonates nursing care

Answer 13

Incubator? O2 and warmth (30’C
first 24hrs, then 26°C there
after.

Question 14

Potential causes of Cardiogentic shock

Answer 14

• Congestive heart failure
• Pericardial effusion
• Aortic thromboembolism
• Rhythm disturbances

Question 15

Stroke Volume

Answer 15

Pre load
After load
Contractility

Question 16

Cardiac Failure - Signs

Answer 16

Sudden death
Cyanosis
Dyspnoea
Collapse
Hind limb paresis
Syncope
Tachypnoea
Exercise intolerance
Cough
Abdominal distension: ascites

Question 17

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 17

when fluid in the pericardium builds up and results in
compression of the heart

Question 18

What type of shock does Cardiac tamponade cause

Answer 18

Obstructive

Question 19

• Hyperkalaemia signs

Answer 19

• Arrhythmia
• Bradycardia

Question 20

Hepatic Crisis
* Causes

Answer 20

• Infection (leptospirosis)
• Toxins
• Inflammation
• Neoplasia
• Acute deterioration of chronic disease

Question 21

What management do these
animals need?

Answer 21

• IVFT
• Antibiotics
• Glucose supplementation
• Lactulose (neurological signs)
• Blood/plasma transfusion

Question 22

what are the normal levels of glyaemia

Answer 22

4 – 8 mmol/L

Question 23

How would Hypoglycaemia patients present?

Answer 23

• Lethargy
• Ataxia
• Muscle twitching
• Severe seizures

Question 24

What conditions will cause
hypoglycaemia?

Answer 24

Injecting too much insulin
Injecting insulin, but the animal fails to eat
Over-exertion
Bitch in season
Vomiting

Question 25

Hyperkalaemia normal levels

Answer 25

Normal levels are between 3.5- 5.5 mmol/l

Question 26

Hyperkalaemia: Potentially fatal levels

Answer 26

Levels of 8 mmol/l are

Question 27

What will Hyperkalaemia animals present like?

Answer 27

* Bradycardia * Poor pulses * ECG reading alteration

Question 28

Causes of Hyperkalaemia

Answer 28

* Urethral obstruction * Acute renal failure * Uroabdomen * Addison’s disease

Question 29

TX of Hyperkalaemic patients

Answer 29

* IV calcium gluconate * IV insulin and dextrose * IVFT

Question 30

HYPER/HYPO-CALCAEMIA normal levels

Answer 30

* 2 – 3mmol/L

Question 31

Hypocalcaemia would present

Answer 31

muscle tremors, twitches, and tetany * Generalised seizures

Question 32

What conditions will cause hypocalcaemia?

Answer 32

* Hypoparathyroidism * Hypoproteinaemia * Renal disease * Vitamin D deficiency * Eclampsia

Question 33

What can cause hypercalcaemia?

Answer 33

* Neoplasia * Toxins * Hyperparathyroidism * Vitamin D toxicity * Addison’s disease

Question 34

Vitamin D

Answer 34

It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus. bone health, immune function, nerve function, and muscle strength.

Question 35

Ketones

Answer 35

are the by products of the breakdown of fatty acids

Question 36

If Diabeteic patient fails to eat give..

Answer 36

1/2 the dose of insulin

Question 37

Keto-acidotic Diabetes Mellitus clinical signs

Answer 37

* Collapse * Anorexia * Depressed * Vomiting * Tachypnoea * Polyuria and polydipsia * Hypovolaemic shock * Ketotic breath

Question 38

Keto-acidotic Diabetes Mellitus TX

Answer 38

* IVFT - Hartmann's * Insulin – often short acting * Antiemetics * Intensive monitoring

Question 39

Neurological Emergencies

Answer 39

* Head trauma * Seizures * Spinal cord disease * IVDD * Vestibular disease