First Aid Flashcards by Abi Clark

What are the three aims of first aid?

Preserve life
Prevent suffering
Prevent deterioration of situation

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What must be considered at ALL times
when dealing with emergency patients?

Safe methods of movement
Safety of self and others
Welfare of animal

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RVNs role

Remain calm
Be prepared
Don’t put anyone at risk
Remove risk from patient
Assess severity condition
get a vet asap

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A Successful Outcome

Recognition
Communication
Implementation
Monitoring

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Life Threatening Condition (13)

Unconscious
* Severe haemorrhage
* Pyometra
* RTA
* C/section
* Blocked bladder
* GDV
* Poison
* Prolapsed eye
* Severe burns
* Resp. arrest
* Heatstroke
* Electrocution

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Immediate Attention Condition

Dystocia
Haemorrhage – small cut
Broken bones

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ACRASHPLAN

Airways
Circulation
Respiration
Abdomen
Spine
Head
Pelvis
Limbs
Arteries
Nerves

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Syncope

Fainting

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Collapse

remains conscious and responds normally to stimuli but
is unable or unwilling to stand up

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Arterial Haemorrhage

Spirting Blood
Direct digital pressure
Haemostats
Tourniquet

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Arterial pressure points

brachial – medial proximal humerus,
femoral- medial femur,
coccygeal – ventral tail

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Venous and Capillary Haemorrhage arrest options

Pressure dressing
Abdominal pressure wrap

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Lacerated Wound

irregular with jagged uneven
edges. Ripped skin

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Avulsed Wound

Torn skin flap

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Modified Glasgow Coma scale

The lower the number the worse the condition of patient
3-8 GRAVE
9-14 GUARDED
15-18 GOOD

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Functions that the Modified Glasgow Coma scale assess

Level of consciousness
Brain stem reflexes
Motor Activity

Superficial or 1st degree burns

Outermost skin layers. Reddened and swollen

Partial thickness or 2nd degree
burns

Deeper layer of skin. Blistering

Full thickness or 3rd degree
burns

All layers of the skin. Charred, dry, leathery

Chemical burns first aid

Run under cold water for 20 min

Burns

cold water for 10 minutes (minimum)

Smoke Inhalation TX and nuring care

Blood gas analysis
Thoracic radiographs
Oxygen therapy and supportive care
Close observation

Where Can We Get Further Advice On Poisons?

Veterinary Poisons Information Service
24-hour

Test for poisons

Bloods
Urinalysis (sediment exam)
Clotting profile (rodenticide)
Vomit and faeces kept and frozen in case toxicology needed

Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) symptoms

Collapse * Severe hypovolaemic shock * Pale mm * Prolonged CRT * Unproductive retching and hypersalivation

Ischaemia-reperfusion Injury

no blood flow to the heart causes an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply, resulting in damage or dysfunction of the cardiac tissue

Conciousness Levels in order.

ALERT LETHARGIC OBTUNDED STUPOROUS COMA

Seizure drugs

Diazapam Phenobarbital Potassium bromide propofol infusion

Hypovolaemic shock

Reduction in circulating blood volume * Haemorrhage * Fluid loss

Cardiogenic shock

Heart can no longer pump blood effectively

Obstructive shock

Physical obstruction to the blood flow

Distributive shock

Shock due to infectious/Sepsis

Mild hypothermia

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