Endocrine diseases

Question 1

Hormones of the Pancreas

Answer 1

Insulin
Glucogen
Somatostatin

Question 2

Homes of the ovaries

Answer 2

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin

Question 3

Hormones of the testes

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

Hormones of the adrenal glands

Answer 4

Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

Question 4

Hormones of the Kindeys

Answer 4

Erythropoietin
Calcitriol

Question 5

hormones of the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

• Antidiuretic hormone
• Oxytocin

Question 6

Hormones produced by the thyroid?

Answer 6

thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin.

Question 7

Hormones produced by the Anterior Pituitary gland

Answer 7

• Thyroid stimulating hormone
  -Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  -Growth hormone (GH
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH
  -Luteinising hormone
  -Prolactin

Question 8

Hormones produced by the parathyroid

Answer 8

Parathormone

Question 9

Common diseases of the endocrine system

Answer 9

Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Cushing’s disease
Addisons Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 10

Diabetes Mellitus gland and hormones involved

Answer 10

Pancreas -Insulin insufficiency

Question 11

Diabetes Insipidus gland and hormones involved

Answer 11

Pituitary -ADH deficiency
Kidney -Fail to respond to ADH

Question 12

Cushing’s disease gland and hormones involved

Answer 12

Pituitary- Excess ACTH > Excess cortisol.
Adrenal tumour - Excess Cortisol

Question 13

Addisons gland and hormones involved

Answer 13

Adrenals - Deficiency of aldosterone
Cortisol deficiency?

Question 14

Hyperthyroidism gland and hormones involved

Answer 14

Thyroid - Excess Thyroxin

Question 15

Hypothyroidism gland and hormones involved

Answer 15

Thyroid- Deficiency of thyroxin

Question 16

Hyperparathyroidism gland and hormones involved

Answer 16

Parathyroid - Excess parathormone

Question 17

Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Liver

Answer 17

• Increase gluconeogenesis
• Increase glycogen stores
• Induction of certain enzymes

Question 18

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Muscle

Answer 18

• Increased catabolic metabolism =
  muscle wasting and weakness

Question 19

Effects of Glucocorticoids on skin

Answer 19

• Increase protein catabolism = thin
  skin, poor wound healing, poor scar
  formation

Question 20

Effects of Glucocorticoids on the bones

Answer 20

• Osteoporosis due to increased protein catabolism and negative Ca balance

Question 21

Effects of Glucocorticoids on blood

Answer 21

• Erythrocytosis
• Decreases circulating lymphocytes
  and eosinophils
• Increase circulating neutrophils

Question 22

Effects of Glucocorticoids on kidneys?

Answer 22

• Increase glomerular filtration rate
• Interference with release and action of ADH
• = Polyuria
• Increase Ca excretion

Question 23

Effects of Glucocorticoids on the immune system?

Answer 23

• Reduced inflammatory response
• Reduced immune response

Question 24

Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adipose tissue?

Answer 24

* Increase lipolysis * Redistribution of fat deposits

Question 25

Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Pituitary and Hypothalamus?

Answer 25

* Suppression of ACTH and CRH

Question 26

Do Glucocorticoids effect behaviour?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Can glucocorticoids effect corneal ulcers

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Causes of Cushing’s Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism HAC)

Answer 28

1. Adrenal dependant disease - tumour of the adrenal gland. 2. Pituitary dependant disease - pituitary tumour 3. Iatrogenic disease – the result of veterinary administration of glucocorticoids

Question 29

What type of drug is Prednisolone

Answer 29

Corticosteroids

Question 30

* What would be the levels of ACTH and cortisol be if the HAC was Pituitary dependent?

Answer 30

* High ACTH * High Cortisol

Question 31

* What would be the levels of ACTH and cortisol be if the HAC was Adrenal dependent?

Answer 31

* Low ACTH * High Cortisol

Question 32

What are the clinical signs of Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC)

Answer 32

* Polyphagia * Polydipsia and polyuria * Weight gain * Pot-bellied * Bilateral alopecia of the flanks * Change in coat colour * Muscle atrophy and weakness * Calcium deposition in the skin * UTI infections * Recurrent infections

Question 33

What disease can be cause secondary to hyperadrenocortism

Answer 33

* Secondary diabetes mellitus

Question 34

Diagnoses of HAC

Answer 34

Blood tests * ACTH stimulation test * Low dose dexamethasone suppression test * High dose dexamethasone suppression test * Endogenous ACTH assay * Abdominal ultrasonography and radiography

Question 35

HAC blood test results

Answer 35

> alkaline phosphatase >cholesterol >alanine aminotransferase > glucose > Neutrophilia,

Question 36

What percentage does ACTH Stim test indicates if its cause is adrenal or Pituitary

Answer 36

50% of adrenal and 85% of pituitary

Question 37

What percentage does a low dose dexamethasone tests

Answer 37

All adrenal 90-95% pituitary

Question 38

What would the vet be looking for using an ultrasound for HAC

Answer 38

identification of adrenal tumours or enlargement of adrenal glands