Cromwellian plantations IRELAND Flashcards
Explain he overall impact on farming due to the plantations
Before the plantations cattle roamed freely around the countryside and this was the main source of farming.
The new settlers divided the land into farms and fields enclosing them with a hedge and ditch. They drained the boggy lands and cut down forests.
Growing crops became the main method of farming, as they could be easily sold in the local market.
Explain the overall changes due to the plantations in relation to politics
The Protestant Ascendancy replaced the old Gaelic chieftains as the owners of the land.
• Many landlords served as local magistrates or judges, which gave them enormous power.
• The Penal Laws prevented Catholics from getting involved in the politics of their country and Brehon Law was forbidden.
• There was a sheriff in every county and a constable in every parish.
Explain the changes due to the planations in Ireland in relation to towns
New towns developed and they had a diamond or square in the centre of the town, around which the important buildings were built, i.e. courthouse, jail and church.
The streets were wide and straight and the towns were surrounded by a wall.
Many settlers built houses that had two stories and were built of timber or stone. They had a brick chimney to take out the smoke and were comfortable inside. The houses were copied by the Irish.
Explain the overall changes in Ireland due to the plantations in relation to religion
Catholics lost all rights to land and property. This created enormous division and hostility between Catholic and Protestant peoples.
• Only in Ulster did the plantations produce the desired religious change to Protestantism.
• The Penal Laws were introduced in order to ensure that no Catholics would reclaim their lands. Under these laws no Catholic could become a member of parliament, set up a school or go to university.
How did land ownership change after the plantations
Many Gaelic landlords lost their land and the majority of land in Ireland was now ruled by Protestant and English
What two reasons did Crowell come to Ireland after the English King was executed
- he wanted to punish the Catholics
•2. he needed their land to pay for the debt from the English civil war
Who kept and who lost their land during the plantation
•Wealthy Catholic landowners had to leave their homes and move across the river Shannon
•Protestant landowners were allowed to keep their land if they paid a fine
Priests were also targeted as Cromwell wanted to spread Protestant religion and wipe out Catholics
