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10 History > Cuban Missile Crisis > Flashcards

Cuban Missile Crisis Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Cuba?

A

Island state in the Caribbean Sea – 150 km south of USA

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2
Q

America do for the Cubans in 1898?

A

Gain independence from Spain

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3
Q

How did America continue to exert influence in Cuban affairs?

A
  1. American companies had large shares in Cuban companies – agriculture
  2. The American companies held monopoly of the Cuban sugar plantation and exports – 1950s
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4
Q

When did Americans help the Cuban military officer Batista to come to power?

A

1934

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5
Q

What happened in 1934>?

A

America helped Batista to come to power

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6
Q

What was the Batista’s government like?

A

Corrupt and ruthlessly repressive

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7
Q

What was Batista’s regime seen as?

A

Symbol of American power

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8
Q

Who is Fidel Castro?

A

Lawyer and communist

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9
Q

When did Fidel lead a successful revolt?

A

1959

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10
Q

What was Castro’s revolt against?

A

Batista’s government

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11
Q

When did Castro become prime mister?

A

16 February 1959

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12
Q

What type of state did Cuba become under Castro’s control?

A

One-party state

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13
Q

What was the only party allowed in Cuba?

A

Communist Party of Cuba

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14
Q

Castro was pro-poor socialist. What does this mean?

A

Promised to transform Cuba to an equal society

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15
Q

How did Castro make Cuba more equal?

A

Massive redistribution of farming land
Nationalising private property and private companies

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16
Q

How was USA cut off from investments in Cuba?

A

Nationalising private property and companies that were American

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17
Q

What was the response of the loss of American companies? 1960

A

USA imposed trade embargo on Cuba

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18
Q

What is a trade embargo?

A

Restriction on trading certain products, goods, and services

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19
Q

What did the trade embargo cause?

A

Economic crisis

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20
Q

What did Castro do in terms of the trade embargo?

A

Ask the USSR for help

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21
Q

How did the USSR provide Cuba support?

A

Buying sugar from
Selling Cuban fuel
Provided weapons

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22
Q

What did the USA not want near its borders?

A

Soviet-backed country

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23
Q

What did President Eisenhower do in 1960?

A

Approved a budget of over $13 million

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24
Q

What was the budget needed for?

A

To overthrow Castro

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25
Q

Who had fled for the USA?

A

300 000 pro-Batista Cubans

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26
Q

When did the Cubans flee?

A

1961

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27
Q

How did USA help exiles plan an invasion of Cuba?

A

Through the CIA

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28
Q

What happened on 17 April 1961?

A

Cuban exiles launched Bay of Pigs invasion

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29
Q

When were the Cuban exiles defeated?

A

In three days - Castro’s forces

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30
Q

What did the USA think of the defeat?

A

Major harassment and international relations disaster

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31
Q

Why was the USA embarrassed about the defeat?

A

Their involvement = secret

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32
Q

What did the Cubans have evidence of after the invasion?

A

USA will use force to re-impose control

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33
Q

When were nuclear missiles stored in Turkey?

A

USA - 1959

34
Q

What was Turkey’s involvement?

A

Member of NATO
Shared border with USSR

35
Q

What did the USA believe the nuclear missiles would do?

A

Discourage Soviet expansion
Contain spread of communism in Europe

36
Q

What did Khrushchev want to install?

A

Nuclear missiles on USA border

37
Q

What did Castro publicly request after Bay of Pigs?

A

Requested military aid from Soviets

38
Q

How did Soviets establish a balance of nuclear power?

A

Installation of nuclear bases in Cuba in 1962

39
Q

What happened on the 14th of October 1962?

A

It’s five plane took pictures of the missile bases both at a rapid pace in Cuba

40
Q

What did American intelligence suggest?

A

More ships with missile equipment - sail to Cuba

41
Q

What were Kennedys three decisions?

A
  1. Ignore missiles – posed a threat to American security
  2. Soviets were not remove missiles without fight
  3. Too dangerous to attack – outbreak of war
42
Q

What did USSR successfully do in 1953?

A

Detonated first nuclear weapon

43
Q

Why did the USA into rapidly expand their nuclear weapons?

A

And they had the ability to strike back harder - Soviets think twice

44
Q

What did American military believe?

A

Okay would use it intimidating nuclear arsenal and actively engage the serviettes in the stand-off – USSR backed down

45
Q

What is Brinkmanship?

A

Deliberately provoking the Soviets to the brink/moment just before point of no return

46
Q

What did brinkmanship hope to achieve?

A

Scare USSR into retreat and admission of defeat

47
Q

What Kennedy advised to attempt?

A

Circling the island of Cuba with in the US Navy ships

48
Q

What would the Navy ships prevent?

A

Soviet ships unloading missile equipment

49
Q

Play what happened on the 22nd of October 1962?

A

Kennedy told USSR if they ships attempted to go see blockade – USA sync them

50
Q

What did Khrushchev accuse Kennedy of?

A

Piracy and war-like actions

51
Q

When did brinkmanship take place between ships?

A

Between 23 and 24 October
North Atlantic ocean

52
Q

What happened on the 25 of October 1962?

A

Soviet ship returned

53
Q

How was the missile dilemma solved?

A
  1. Khrushchev would removed missiles - blockade lifted, USA did not attempt invasion
  2. America remove missiles from Turkey
54
Q

What system was established after Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Direct communication between two leaders

55
Q

Why was this communication system implemented?

A

Future problems resolved easily - helped relations

56
Q

What reduced Khrushchev’s prestige in the USSR

A

Removal of missiles - sign of weakness

57
Q

What happened to USA relationship with Cuba?

A

Remained difficult

58
Q

What did Guevara call USA officials?

A

Imperialists

59
Q

What did Cuba support Guevara in?

A

Attempt to spread communism

60
Q

How did Guevara attempt to spread communism?

A

World tour and encouraging military uprisings

61
Q

What did Castro speak about publicly in 1968?

A

Defence of Soviets crushing Prague Spring

62
Q

What did Castro’s defence of Soviets lead to?

A

USSR sent more aid to Cuba

63
Q

What did the USA successfully do in 1969?

A

Guevara assassinated in Bolivia - trying to start revolt

64
Q

CIA

A

Central Intelligence Agency

65
Q

What was the CIA plan?

A

Train exiles to invade Cuba and start rebellion

66
Q

Who succeeded Eisenhower?

A

JFK

67
Q

Who implemented the CIA plan?

A

JFK

68
Q

How many exiles landed in Cuba?

A

1 500 exiles

69
Q

When was the ‘Bay of Pigs Invasion’?

A

17 April 1961

70
Q

What did both sides missiles look like in 1962?

A

USSR: Launch against Europe
USA: Strike entire USSR

71
Q

Why did Castro approve Khrushchev plan about missiles?

A

Fear of second attack from USA

72
Q

When did the USSR secretly place missiles?

A

Summer of 1962

73
Q

When was Kennedy informed about the missile installations?

A

15 October

74
Q

What is Kennedy organised after finding out about the missiles?

A

Executive Committee of National Security Council (EX-COMM)

75
Q

What is EX-COMM?

A

Group of 12 most important advises to handle the crisis

76
Q

Whose reputation was enhanced?

A

Kennedy gained prestige and won test of strength

77
Q

What treaty was signed in 1963?

A

Test Ban Treaty

78
Q

What is the Test Ban Treaty?

A

Promise to not test nuclear weapons in atmosphere, underwater or in outer space

79
Q

What policy did Khrushchev make?

A

Policy of peaceful co-existence

80
Q

Why did the peaceful co-existence policy not last long?

A

Khrushchev’s support in Politburo (USSR parliament) ended

81
Q

When did Khrushchev step down?

A

1964

82
Q
A

10 History (4 decks)

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