Culture

Question 1

4 basic characteristics of culture

Answer 1

adapted- to specific environment
learned- from birth; language
shared- between cultural group
dynamic- always changing

Question 2

religion

Answer 2

organized system of beliefs, includes regular attendance to service

Question 3

spirituality

Answer 3

broader term than religion; connection to something larger

Question 4

magicoreligous

Answer 4

supernatural forces; good v evil

Question 5

biomedical / scientific

Answer 5

cause / effect

Question 6

germ theory

Answer 6

specific microorganisms cause specific diseases

Question 7

naturalistic

Answer 7

forces In nature must remain in balance

Question 8

yin / yang

Answer 8

health is when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance

Question 9

hot / cold

Answer 9

treatment of disease- add or subtract hot / cold to restore the 4 humors

Question 10

Heart S1

Answer 10

heard best at the apex; AV valves- tricuspid / mitral, beginning of systole

Question 11

Heart S2

Answer 11

heard best at the base; semilunar valves- aortic / pulmonic, end of systole

Question 12

murmur

Answer 12

swooshing sound; turbulent blood flow

Question 13

4 areas for listening to the heart

Answer 13

A-aortic- 2nd intercostal right sternal border
P- pulmonic- 2nd intercostal, left sternal border
T- tricuspid- 4th intercostal, left sternal border
M- mitral- 5th intercostal; left mid clavicular

Question 14

men heart attack symptoms

Answer 14

sudden onset pain, chest pain, radiates to shoulders and down arms, cold sweats

Question 15

women heart attack symptoms

Answer 15

symptoms for a number of days, sense of fatigue, flu like symptoms, indigestion, heart burn, shortness of breath

Question 16

well scores for DVT

Answer 16

0- low probability
1-2 = moderate
3 = high probability

Question 17

clubbing of nails

Answer 17

when the base of the nail is at 180 degree angle , due to not enough oxygen being delivered

Question 18

ABI- ankle brachial index

Answer 18

screening for PAD; 1-1.2 is normal; lower = PAD

Question 19

modifiable allen test

Answer 19

to assess collateral circulation

Question 20

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 20

blood clot

Question 21

raynauds disease

Answer 21

fingers go numb

Question 22

lymphedema

Answer 22

accumulation of protein rich fluid in interstitial spaces of arm; following breast surgery or treatment

Question 23

claudication

Answer 23

pain with walking

Question 24

orthopnea

Answer 24

difficulty breathing; changes with position; ask how many pillows they have to sleep with

Question 25

epistaxis

Answer 25

nose bleeds; tip forward and apply pressure for 15 mins; often in pregnant women due to increased blood flow

Question 26

acute rhinitis

Answer 26

clear watery discharge, sneezing, nasal itching, turbinates are dark red and swollen

Question 27

allergic rhinitis

Answer 27

abnormal response from repeated exposure to antigens

Question 28

sinusitis

Answer 28

acute, inflamed infected sinus areas; bacterial infection when signs last over 10 days without improvement; facial pain

Question 29

herpes simplex 1

Answer 29

cold sore

Question 30

koplik's spots

Answer 30

blue-white spots in buccal mucosa; sign of measles

Question 31

leukoplakia

Answer 31

chalky white raised patch in mouth; does not scrape off; pre cancerous

Question 32

candidiasis

Answer 32

white chalky on tongue; scrapes off; thrush in babies

Question 33

oral kaposi's sarcoma

Answer 33

bruise like inside mouth usually on hard palate; sign of aids

Question 34

nicotine withdrawal symptoms

Answer 34

headache, anxiety, depression, irritability, hunger, vasodilation, anger, difficulty concentration, restlessness, , impatient, desire to smoke

Question 35

alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Answer 35

headache, anxiety, depression, irritability, autonomic hyperactivity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, tremors, hallucinations, malaise,

Question 36

AUDIT questionnaire

Answer 36

designed for those who are at risk for substance abuse

Question 37

TWEAK questions

Answer 37

designed for women and alcohol

Question 38

CIWA

Answer 38

10 questions to screen for substance abuse; most in depth

Question 39

SMAST questionnaire

Answer 39

elderly and substance abuse; because they have more emotional responses

Question 40

clinical lab data

Answer 40

``` elevated levels of: GGT CDT AST breath alcohol ```

Question 41

moderate drinking levels

Answer 41

men-

Question 42

at risk drinking levels

Answer 42

men > or equal to 14 drinks / week OR >or equal to 4 per occasion women > or equal to 7 drinks / week OR > or equal to 3 drinks per occasion

Question 43

intoxication

Answer 43

behavioral changes to due effects on cns by substnance

Question 44

abuse

Answer 44

recurrent or ongoing use that impairment and decreased functioning has occurred leading to other ongoing problems

Question 45

dependence

Answer 45

physiological changes

Question 46

tolerance

Answer 46

require more for the same effect

Question 47

withdrawal

Answer 47

cessation of substance leads to physiological effects

Question 48

general domestic violence scren

Answer 48

US preventative task force guidelines HIITS STaT questionnaire elder abuse suspicion index

Question 49

groups at risk for undernutrition

Answer 49

pregnant, children, immigrants, elderly (trouble chewing, decreased salivary production, and slow GI)

Question 50

cardinal features on long term weight loss

Answer 50

exercise 4-5 times / week for 30 mins food diary eating low cal low fat- 1500 cals