Culture, behavior, and cognition Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the two processes through which culture influences cognition and behavior?
Acculturation and enculturation.
What is the emic approach in cultural psychology?
Develops research questions after spending time with the local community.
What is the etic approach in cultural psychology?
Plans out research before arriving in the field.
How does the etic approach apply research findings?
Applies findings globally; assumes that behavior is universal.
How does the emic approach apply research findings?
Applies findings to the local community being investigated.
What type of tests does the etic approach use?
Uses standardized tests/theories from their own culture.
What type of tests does the emic approach utilize?
Develops tests in consultation with local experts.
What is the aim of studying a singular culture in depth?
To improve some aspect of the lives of individuals in that culture.
What do the terms ‘etic’ and ‘emic’ refer to?
‘Etic’ refers to objective or outsider accounts; ‘emic’ refers to subjective or insider accounts.
What are cultural dimensions?
How the values of society affect behavior.
What was Hofstede’s research focused on?
Examined the 40 most represented countries in the survey.
How long did Hofstede’s research span?
Over a 30 year span.
What is the Power Distance Index?
Extent to which a culture respects an authority figure.
What does the Uncertainty Avoidance Index measure?
Degree to which people are integrated into a group.
What characterizes masculine societies according to Hofstede?
Achievement, competition, and wealth.
What characterizes feminine societies according to Hofstede?
Cooperation, relationships, and quality of life.
What is the difference between long-term and short-term orientation?
Long-term focuses on the future; short-term focuses on traditions.
What defines indulgent cultures?
Allows enjoyment of life and individuals feel in control of their lives.
What defines restrained cultures?
Stricter through social norms and more fatalistic.
What is valued in individualistic cultures?
Uniqueness and self-actualization.
What is valued in collectivistic cultures?
Social harmony and shared responsibility.
What was the aim of Berry’s (1967) study?
To see if individualism vs. collectivism plays a role in conformity.
What were the three cultures studied in Berry’s research?
- Temne of Sierra Leone (collectivistic)
- Inuit people of Baffin Island (individualistic)
- Scots (reference group)
What was the procedure for Berry’s conformity study?
Participants matched lines and received hints about community responses.
