Sociocultural Flashcards
(20 cards)
What influences our behavior even when we think we are acting independently?
Our behavior is influenced by others.
This concept highlights the impact of social interactions on individual actions.
What two identities influence our behavior according to the sociocultural approach?
Individual identity and social identity.
Both identities play a crucial role in shaping our actions and interactions.
How are behaviors learned according to the sociocultural approach?
Through interaction and observation of others.
This emphasizes the role of social learning in behavior development.
What theory explains why people tend to favor and identify with their in-group?
Social Identity Theory (SIT).
This theory highlights the cognitive processes that underlie group behavior and identity.
What are the three psychological mechanisms involved in the creation of social identity according to Tajfel?
- Social categorization
- Social comparison
- Use of group membership for self-esteem
These mechanisms help explain how individuals identify and differentiate themselves from others.
What is social categorization?
The process of classifying people into groups based on similar characteristics.
This process leads to the formation of in-groups and out-groups.
What phenomenon occurs when individuals favor their in-group over out-groups?
In-group favoritism.
This is demonstrated in Tajfel’s experiments, where individuals showed preference for their assigned group.
What was the aim of Tajfel’s (1970) experiment with art groups?
To see if intergroup discrimination would occur when individuals were placed in different groups regardless of prior prejudice.
This experiment revealed the natural tendency to favor one’s in-group.
What did Cialdini et al. (1976) demonstrate about group identity after a successful event?
Supporters are more likely to wear college insignia and clothing.
This shows the impact of group identity on individual behavior and self-concept.
What was the aim of Abrams et al. (1990) in their replication of Asch’s line paradigm?
To investigate the effect of social identity on conformity.
This study examined how in-group and out-group dynamics affect individual responses.
In the study by Drury et al. (2009), what was the impact of shared identity on participants’ behavior during an emergency?
Participants with shared identity were more likely to help one another.
This highlights the importance of social identity in cooperative behavior during crises.
What did Tajfel’s Kandinsky versus Klee experiment reveal about group assignment?
People automatically think of their assigned group as their in-group.
This supports the idea that group categorization occurs even without prior social ties.
What was the main finding regarding point allocation in Tajfel’s (1970) experiment?
More points were given to the in-group in the linked point system.
This demonstrated the preference for one’s own group even in a controlled setting.
What does the establishment of positive distinctiveness refer to?
The bias toward anything that our own group represents to enhance self-esteem.
This concept underscores the psychological need for positive self-perception through group affiliation.
What did the findings of Drury et al. (2009) suggest about crowd control strategies?
Making a collective identity salient can reduce panic during emergencies.
This suggests practical applications for improving safety in crisis situations.
What design did Abrams et al. (1990) use in their study?
Independent measures design.
This design allowed for the examination of different conditions regarding in-group and out-group influences.
In Drury et al. (2009), how was group identification manipulated?
By providing participants with a ‘shared identity’ or an ‘individual identification’.
This manipulation was crucial in assessing the impact of social categorization on behavior.
What is a limitation of Tajfel’s (1970) study regarding generalizability?
Hard to generalize to women, adults, or other cultures.
This suggests a sampling bias in the study’s findings.
True or False: Social Identity Theory accurately predicts all human behavior.
False.
While SIT explains group behavior, it does not predict individual behavior with accuracy.
Fill in the blank: The process of classifying people into groups is known as _______.
social categorization.
This is a fundamental concept in understanding group dynamics.
