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Farmacologie > CURS 8 AUTACOIZI-incomplet > Flashcards

CURS 8 AUTACOIZI-incomplet Flashcards

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1
Q

Ce sunt autacoizii

A

substante care se elibereaza local si asigura homeostazia si/sau reactia tesuturilor/organelor

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2
Q

Din ce categorie fac parte autacoizii

A

Mesageri primari

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3
Q

Clasificarea autacoizilor

A
  • Aminge biologic active
  • Lipide biologic active
  • Polipeptide biologic active
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4
Q

Mecanism actiune Histamina

A

Agonist receptori histaminergici

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5
Q

Distributie si transmitere H1

A
  • musculatura neteda, endoteliu, creier

- creste IP3 si DAG

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6
Q

Distributie si transmitere H2

A
  • mucoasa gastrica, muschi cardiac, mastocite, creier

- creste AMPc

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7
Q

Distributie si transmitere H3

A
  • plex mezenteric

- det. scaderea histaminei din neuronii histaminergici

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8
Q

Efecte Histamina cord

A
  • scade TA creste frecvente
  • Efect aritmogen
  • dilatatia si scaderea rezistentei vaselor coronare
  • hipotensiune, edem, hemoconcentratie
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9
Q

Efecte histamina bronhii

A

-bronhoconstrictie

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10
Q

Efecte histamina tract GI

A
  • stimuleaza m. neteda

- stimuleaza secretia gastrica

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11
Q

Efecte histamina terminatii nervoase/MDS

A
  • poate induce durere si prurit

- descarcari ale MDS

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12
Q

La ce se refera “Triplul raspuns”

A

Injectare intradermina de H => rasp din partea
-m. netede microcirculatorii
-endoteliu capilar/venular
-terminatii nervoase senzitive
Consta in edem roseata vasodilatatie brusca

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13
Q

Indicatii Histamina

A

Diagnosticare:

  • capacitatea secretiei gastrice
  • feocromocitomul
  • hiperreactivitate bronsica - PERICULOS
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14
Q

Efecte adverse Histamina

A
  • bronhoconstrictie
  • hipotensiune
  • dereglaj gastro-intestinal
  • astenie
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15
Q

Factori care elibereaza histamina

A
  • fizici: traumatisme, arsuri
  • chimici: opiacee, chinina, Peniciline, cefalosporine, aminoglicozide, hidralazina, curarizante, barbiturice, bradikinina
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16
Q

3 agonisti ai R-H

A

Betahistidina, Betazole, Impromidina

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17
Q

Indicatie Betahistidina

A

Sindrom Meniere

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18
Q

Mecanism Cromoglicat de sodiu

A
  • inhiba histamina si leucotrienele din mastocite
  • altereaza functia canalelor de Cl
  • blocarea influxului transmembranar de Ca
  • inhiba SELECTIV anafilaxia pulmonara
  • creste AMPc
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19
Q

Cromoglicat de sodiu farmacocinetica

A
  • slab absorbit gastro-intestinal
  • se ia prin inhalatie/aerosoli
  • 1-2h inaite de contactul cu alergeni
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20
Q

Cromoglicat de sodiu indicatii

A

In scop profilactic: astm, rinita, conjunctivita alergica

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21
Q

inhibitori ai eliberarii de histamina

A 
Cromoglicat de sodiu
Nedocromil
Amlexanox
Lodoxamida
Pemirolast
Reprinast
Metilxantine
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22
Q

Nedocromil particularitati?

A

Aceleasi actiuni ca si cromoglicat de sodiu dar cu intensitate mult mai mare + important efect de inhibare a tusei
Reduce necesarul de glucocorticoizi sistemici daca sunt adm in asociere

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23
Q

Antagonisti fiziologici histamina

A

A/NA

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24
Q

Exemple antagonisti competitivi R-H1 Generatia I

A

Etanolamine ( Carbinoxamina, Difenhidramina, Doxylamina, dimenhydrinate )
Imidazoline (Antazoline )
Etilamindiamine (Tripelenamine, Pyrilamina )
Etilendiamine ( Cloropiramina )
Deriv. piperazinici ( Hydroxizin, Ciclizine, Mecyclizin)
Alchilamine ( Clorfeniramin, Brompheniramin )
Deriv. fenotiazinici ( Prometazina, Proclorperazina,
Tetilperazina, Alimemazina)

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25
Exemple antagonisti competitivi R-H1 Generatia II
Deriv. piperidinici (Loratadina, Terfenadina, Astemizol ) piperazinici (Cetirizina ) fenotiazinici (Mequitazina )
26
Exemple antagonisti competitivi R-H2
Cimetidina Ranitidia Nizatidina Famotidina
27
Cromoglicat de Na - efecte adverse
miozite, artralgii, inflitrate pulmonare cu eozinofile, disurie, greata, gust neplacut, gastro-enterite
28
Alte antihistaminice de tip anti-H1
Ciproheptadina, Clemastina, Phenindamine, Clorfenoxamina, Dimetinden, Bamipine
29
Efecte biologice antihistaminice de tip anti-H1
- antialergice - antiemetic - anticolinergic - alfa1-blocant - antiserotoninergic - antiparkinsonian - sedativ - anestezic local - antiinflamator
30
cine are efect sedativ?
deriv. piperazinici, fenotiazinici, etanolamine, etilendiamine
31
cine are efect antiemetic?
deriv. piperazinici, fenotiazinici, etanolamine
32
cine are efect anticolinergic?
deriv. fenotiazinici, etanolamine, alchilamine, etilendiamine
33
cine are efect antiparkinsonian?
etanolamine, etilendiamina
34
cine are efect alfa1-blocant?
deriv. fenotiazinici, alchilamine
35
cine are efect antiseroninerigic?
Ciproheptadina
36
cine are efect de anestezic local?
deriv. piperidinici
37
cine are efect antiinflamator?
Generatia a IIa
38
efect Hidroxizin?
inhiba histamina, substanta P, serotonina si prostaglandine
39
Farmacocinetica antihistaminice de tip H1?
Deriv piperazinici si piperidinici nu se adm cu sucuri de grapefruit =>tahiaritmii severe si fibrilatie atriala
40
Efecte adverse antihistaminice de tip H1?
- sedare - cine? - ef. antimuscarinice - stimularea apetitului - cine? - torsada varfurilor - cine?
41
Indicatii antihistaminici de tip H1
- alergii - antiemetice ( deriv piperazinici, fenotiazine, etanolamine) - sdr Meniere: Proclorperazina - greata si varsaturi in sarcina: Doxylamina - anxiolitice: etanolamine etilendiamine, fenotiazine, piperazine - boli psihice: Clorpromazina - stimularea apetitului: Ciproheptadina - Parkinson: Difenhidramina + etanolamine - Sdr cistitei interstitiale: Hidroxizin
42
Antihistaminice de tip H2 - mecanism
antagonisti competitivi H2 | Nizatidina mai inhiba acetilcolinesteraza
43
Antihistaminice de tip H2- farmacodinamie
- inhiba secretia gastrica bazala de HCl
44
Antihistaminice de tip H2 - farmacocinetica
Cimetidina este un inhibitor enzimatic al metabolizaii medicamentelor
45
Antihistaminice de tip H2- Indicatii
- boala peptica - Sdr Zollinger Ellison - reflux gastro-esofagian - prevenire gastrite - disepsia neulceroasa
46
Efecte adverse - Cimetidina
SNC- stari confuzionale, delir, halucinatii - endocrine: ginecomastie, scaderea spermatogenezei, a libidoului, galactoree - hematologice: granulocitopenie, anemie plastica - hepatic: cresterea transaminazelor, icter colestatic, hepatite acute
47
Efecte adverse - Nizatidina
cefalee, efect prokinetic cresterea tranzitorie transaminazelor, cronotrop/inotrop negativ
48
Efecte adverse - Ranitidina
cresterea transaminazelor, icter colestatic, hepatite acute
49
Efecte adverse - Famotidina
cefalee, cresterea tranzitorie a transaminazelor
50
Efecte serotonina
- Cardiov: vasoconstrictie si agregare plachetara - Respirator : bronhoconstrictie si hiperventilatie reflexa - Tract GI: stimuleaza peristaltismul - SNC: halucinatii, transmite durerea, somnolenta, stimuleaza emeza, modif ale dispozitie si comportamentului
51
Agonisti neselectivi ai h-HT1D si 5-HT1B - care sunt? - indicatii
- Sumatriptan, Naratriptan, Rizatriptan, Zolmitriptan | - Criza de migrena, cefalee vasculara
52
Agonisti neselectivi ai h-HT1D si 5-HT1B - efecte adverse - contraindindicatii
- parestezii, dureri anginoase, tahicardii | - angina pectorala, leziuni aretomatoase coronariene
53
Agonisti selectivi ai HT4 ( elibereaza si acetilcolina la nivel enteric) - care sunt? - efecte
- Cisaprid, Norcisaprid | - stimuleaza peristaltismul, relaxeaza pilorul, contracta cardia
54
Agonisti selectivi ai HT4 - indicatii - efecte adverse
- prokinetic | - diaree, crampe, cefalee, aritmii
55
Agonist partial 5HT4: - care e? - indicatie
- Tegaserod | - colon iritabil
56
Agonisti selectivi 5HT1A - care sunt? - efecte? - farmacocinetica
- Buspiron, Isapiron, Gepiron, Tandopiron - Anxiolitice fara efecte sedative - supuse efectului primului pasaj
57
Agonisti selectivi 5HT1A - Efecte adverse - contraindicatii
- tahicardii, nervozitate, parestezii, mioza, stari de confuzie, tulburari GI - tulburari de ritm - Nu determina adictie
58
Antagonisti ai 5HT2A si 5HT2C - care sunt? - indicatii? - efecte adverse
- Trazodone, Nefazodone, Mirtazapine - Depresii - somnolenta, ameteli, greata, Mirtazapine da si stimularea apetitului cu crestere ponderala
59
Antagonisti 5HT3 - care sunt? - efecte? - indicatii?
-Ondansetron, Granisetron, Dolansetron, Tropisetron, Alosetron, Cilansetron -antiemetic, antidepresiv -electie pt varsaturile induse de citostatice Alosetron e indicat in colon iritabil
60
Antagonisti 5HT3 - efecte adverse? - contraindicatii?
-cefalee, constipatie/diaree, crampe, aritmii -sarcina Trebuie redusa doza in caz de insuf hepatica
61
Ritanserine - efecte - indicatii
- modifica timpul de sangerare, reduce formarea tromboxanului, altereaza functia plachetara - antiagregant
62
Ketanserine - efecte - indicatii
- antagonizeaza agregarea plachetara, vasodilatatie | - HTA, vasospasm
63
Ciproheptadina - efecte? - indicatii?
- antialergic, sedativ, crestere ponderal | - antialergic, stimularea apetitului, tumori carcinoide, sindrom dumping post-gastrectomie
64
Ciproheptadina - efecte adverse? - contraindicatii?
- cefalee, somnolenta, confuzie | - glaucom, conducatori, retentie
65
Inhibitori selectivi ai recaptarii de serotonina - care sunt? - indicatii?
- Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine, Ctalopram si Escitalopram - Depresie
66
Inhibitori ai recaptarii serotoninei si NA - care sunt? - indicatii?
- Venlafaxine si Bupropion | - Depresii
67
Stimulatori de serotonina - care sunt? - indicatii? - efecte adverse?
- Dexfenfluramina si Fenfluramina - Tratamentul obezitatii - insomnie, cefalee, fibroplazie endocardica si retroperitoneala, hipertensiune pulmonara

Farmacologie (10 decks)

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