CVD

Question 0

Atherosclerosis can lead to…

Answer 0

CHD and strokes

Question 1

Atheroma formation can lead to …

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis

Question 2

What happens after the endothelium becomes damaged?

Answer 2

Inflammatory response, where white blood cells mainly macrophages move into the artery wall, cholesterol also accumulates causing fatty streaks.

Question 3

what are the characterises of an Atheroma

Answer 3

A fibrous plaque (calcium salts and fibrous tissue)

Question 4

what happens as a result of the hardened plaque

Answer 4

The artery loses some elasticity 
The lumen becomes narrow 
Blood flow is restricted 
Increases blood pressure 
(Positive feedback)

Question 5

What are the two types of studies when identifying risk factors

Answer 5

Cohort-prospective study a group of people are followed overtime

Case control-retrospective a group of people who have the disease are compared up those without the disease

Question 6

What are the 3 features of a good study

Answer 6

Clear aim
Representative sample
Valid and reliable results

Question 7

What are the CVD risk factors?

Answer 7

High blood pressure 
Obesity 
Diet/lifestyle
Smoking
Genetics 
Age

Question 8

What is hypertension?

Answer 8

High blood pressure

Question 9

How is blood pressure measured?

Answer 9

Using a sphygmomanometer it measures the systolic pressure and the diastole pressure in the arteries. The systolic pressure is over the diastolic pressure.

Question 10

What is the blood pressure of a healthy person usually?

Answer 10

In a healthy person systolic pressure between 100 and 140 and a diastolic pressure of between 60 and 90

Question 11

What are the other risk factors for CVD?

Answer 11

Salt- too much salt can cause kidneys to retain water higher fluid levels means blood pressure will increase.
Stress - increases blood pressure
Alcohol- increases blood pressure

Question 12

How does smoking increasing the risk of developing CVD?

Answer 12

Haemoglobin- carries carbon monoxide instead of oxygen reducing the amount of oxygen that gets into cells (heart muscle is deprived)
Nicotine- stimulates the production of adrenaline which increases heart rate and the arteries and arterioles to constrict.
It also causes the platelets to become more sticky

Question 13

3 ways of controlling blood pressure are?

Answer 13

Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics

Question 14

Statins are used for…..

Answer 14

reducing blood cholesterol levels

Question 15

statins works by..

Answer 15

Inhibiting an enzyme involved in the production of LDL cholesterol or reducing the amount of lipid absorbed by the gut.

Question 16

what are the 4 types of drug treatment?

Answer 16

Anti hypertensives
Statins
Anticoagulants
Platelet inhibitory drugs

Question 17

Heart palpitations, Abnormal heart rhythms, fainting, headaches are a risk for what type of treatment

Answer 17

Anti hypertensives

Question 18

Statins can reduce the absorption of some vitamins from the gut
True of false

Answer 18

True- this is a risk

Question 19

Theses drugs can be taken in combination

Answer 19

Anti hypertensives

Question 20

Saturated fats have no …… bonds between the carbon

Answer 20

Double

Question 21

Why doesn’t unsaturated fats contain the maximin amount of hydrogen

Answer 21

As it contains double bonds